[Influence wheat bran on organism vitamin (experiment on rats)].

The inclusion of wheat bran (at a dose of 2,3 and 4,6% of the dry weight) in the semi-synthetic diet of rats under combined deficiency of vitamins (20 and 50% of the adequate level) did not have a significant effect on vitamins C, B1 and B2 liver levels, riboflavin blood plasma level, and thiamine and riboflavin urinary excretion. The consumption of bran in high dose has been accompanied by a decrease of retinol blood plasma level on 19-28% but it has no effect on liver retinol palmitate content. Bran intake in both doses resulted in a deterioration of rats sufficiency with vitamin E, which had been confirmed by a simultaneous significant decrease of blood plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration on 31-40%, and its liver level on 23-43%. The results obtained indicate the advisability of vitamin E enrichment of diets with a high content of dietary fiber.

[The estimation of several dietary fibers possibility to absorb in vitro vitamins A, E, C, B1 and B2].

The estimation of several dietary fibers (lignins, wheat bran, microcrystalline cellulose) possibility to absorb vitamins from the solution containing simultaneously ten vitamins in vitro model (gastroenteric transit imitation) has been made. Fiber apparent capability to absorb retinol palmitate, alpha-tocopherol acetate, ascorbic acid, thiamine hydrochloride and riboflavin phosphate has been determined. It has been demonstrated that dietary fibers are able to decrease vitamins availability.

[Effect of coenzyme Q10 and taurine on the availability of vitamins in the rat experiment].

It has been observed that coenzyme Q10 (100 mg per 1 kg body mass) and taurine (1% in drinking water) treatment of rats has differently directed effect on vitamin A and E level in liver and blood serum. Coenzyme Q10 consumption has been accompanied with a tendency to increasing or an increase of vitamin content, while taurine consumption lead to the reverse effect. Both coenzyme Q10 and taurine addition caused diene conjugates decrease in blood serum. Supplementary coenzyme Q10 or taurine intake did not influence on rat liver vitamin B1 and B2 content.

[To the 20th anniversary of the Chornobyl accident study of vitamin status and provision with micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people at different time periods since the accident at Chornobyl nuclear power plant].

Results of the study of the provision with vitamins and some micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people, who suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP), which have been carried out by Ukrainian and Russian scientists during various periods after the accident, are generalized in the paper. Persons which participated in liquidation of the accident and lived during the accident in the territory, adjoining to Pripyat (the Kyiv region, town of Slavutich), people which worked at the object "Shelter" and ChNPP were involved in the inspection. It was noted, that in 1-4 years after the ChNPP accident in blood of liquidators the biochemical parameters displaying security of their organism by vitamins A and B1, remain lower in comparison with the same parameters in a group of relatively healthy persons which were not affected by the accident (control), that testifies to stable metabolic disturbance in the organism of people under irradiation influence. Selective inspection of the vitamin status of ChNPP and object "Shelter" personnel in 1992 has shown, that provision with vitamins C, B1, B2, B6 of the overwhelming majority of these people (67-91%) are much below the norm. Deficiency of vitamins C, B1, B6, folate and selenium is also revealed in an organism of 50-90% of women and children living in Slavutich. Deficit of vitamins in most of persons was characterized by polyhypovitaminoses, that is a combination of several group B vitamins deficiency at simultaneously low provision with selenium, and in a part of women and children--by low amount of iron. The results of long-term complex studies by groups of authors give evidence on importance and urgency of formulation and execution of International program on optimisation of nutrition, micronutrition status and health among population of affected areas in Ukraine, Bielorus' and Russia.

[To 20-years anniversary of Chernobyl catastrophe: an attempt to study the vitamin, calcium, iron and selenium status of children and adult population in Slavutich and to correct elicited deficiencies].

The article concisely illustrates the vitamin and mineral state of population of town of Slavutich, including personal of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, children of pre-school age and pregnancy women, studied in 1992. Vitamins and minerals deficiency in the main of C and B vitamins and selenium was revealed in all the studied groups. Appropriate measures were developed and introduced to eliminate the detected dusturbances; but however some unsolved problems remained. Taking into account the forthcoming 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disarter, the authors of the come back to considering the obtained data in hope to atlract attention of medical scientific and public to the remained unsolved problems of micronutrient deficiency.

[Vitamin sufficiency of young basketball players]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami podrostkov-basketbolistov.

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of young basket-ball players 14-16 years old (17 girls and 14 boys) has been carried out 59-77 per cent of the children had the deficiency of B group vitamins, 24-54 per cent--vitamin E insufficiency, most of them (82-100 per cent)--deficit of carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamins C and A supplied. The girls were supplied with vitamins better than boys. There was no one adequately supplied with all vitamins among boys while 12 per cent of girls had adequately sufficiency. The girls had deficit of 1-2 vitamins more often whereas the combined insufficiency of 3-4 vitamins took place in 1.8-2.3 fold more frequently among boys. Daily intake of multivitamin containing 10 vitamins in daily recommended doses, lipoic acid, methionin and 9 minerals by boys lead to their blood plasma vitamin C, E, B-2 and beta-carotene level increase. Vitamin C insufficiency disappeared. Deficit of beta-carotene and vitamin B-6 became 1.5 fold rarely, vitamin B-2--2 fold, vitamin E--6 fold. Thus daily intake of recommended doses of vitamins eliminates biochemical signs of vitamin deficiency.

[Vitamins stability in fortified dairy products]. / Sokhrannost' vitaminov v obogashchennykh molochnykh produktakh.

High safety of vitamins during vitaminization of dairy products has been shown. Adding of vitamins before pasteurization or sterilization of milk is guaranting its microbiological purity and doesn't change organoleptic quality of dairy products.

[Effects of biologically active food additives with different contents of vitamins on the vitamin status in humans]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnykh dobavok k pishche s razlichnym soderzhaniem vitaminov na vitaminnyi status cheloveka.

The comparative study of influence of two biologically active food additives with the different contents of vitamins is carried out: a drink "Zolotoi Shar", the dose of vitamins in which makes 50-90% from recommended daily consumption, and "Vitabalance 2000", the contents of vitamins in which at 2-17 of time exceeds need of organism. The use of both additives within 3 weeks resulted in increase of levels of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotenoids in blood serum. However if in case of consumption of a drink an authentic level was reached only for vitamin C and beta-carotene, in a case "Vitabalance 2000" for all investigated vitamins except vitamin A. Thus, if the consumption of a drink has lowered frequency of deficiency of 3-4 vitamins, but has not allowed to liquidate it completely, in case of "Vitabalance 2000" consumption the simultaneous deficiency 3-4 vitamins. The received data allow to believe the biologically active food additives containing vitamins in amounts exceeding recommended consumption, are convenient for fast liquidation of hypovitaminoses, and the preparations containing vitamins in doses making 30-50% from need of organism, are acceptable for daily filling of insufficient consumption of vitamins with a usual diet for a long time.

Effect of regular intake of vitamin-mineral complex on spontaneous and on induced clustogenesis in humans.

Regular intake of a vitamin-mineral complex for 2 weeks had no effect on spontaneous clustogenesis in blood cells from healthy donors. Significant differences between the levels of chromosome aberrations induced by bleomycin and dioxidine in vitro before and after 2-week vitamin treatment indicate increased resistance of blood cells to clustogens.

[Seasonal variations of vitamin sufficiency in pregnant women (Mzensk City)]. / Sezonnye razlichiia v obespechennosti vitaminami beremennykh (g. Mtsensk).

The investigation of sufficiency of vitamin C, A, E, B2, B6, carotenoids and iron dietary intake has been carried out in 61 pregnant women in spring and early autumn 1998. There were no women adequately supplied with all vitamins irrespective of season and residence. Most of them (70-80 per cent) had combined deficiency of 3-5 vitamins in spring. About 50 per cent of women had combined insufficiency of vitamins and iron. Intake of vitamins improved in autumn especially due to vitamins C, A, E and carotenoids. The frequency of 3-5 vitamins deficit decreased while occurrence of combined deficiency of vitamin B6 and carotenoids still often took place. Thus, normalization of vitamin status of pregnant women is necessary all year round.

[Vitamin status of the population from regions suffering from the accident at the Chernobyl power plant, and its correction with multivitamins "Duovit" and "Undevit" and multivitamin premix 730/4 of the firm "Roche"]. / Vitaminnaia obespechennost' naseleniia regionov, postradavshikh ot avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES, i ee korrektsiia polivitaminnymi preparatami "Duovit", "Undevit", i polivitaminnym premiksom 730/4 firmy "Rosh".

There was no differences of principle in vitamin status of population living in 'zones of strict control' (Brjanskaja, Mogilevskaja, Gomel'skaja regions) and Moscow's population. Mean indices of vitamin C, A, E, B1 and carotene status in children and adults were not differed in two groups of population. But vitamin B2 and niacin status in Moscow's adults were worse. Among children from Moscow vitamin C deficiency was found more rare and vitamin E deficiency more often than those in population from regions suffering from Chernobyl. It was established that supplement of third dishes with vitamin C is not sufficient for elimination of vitamin C deficiency. Polyvitamin pills 'Duovit' or premix 'Roche' were more effective in removal vitamin deficiency.

[Study of bioavailability of different forms of synthetic beta-carotene in volunteers]. / Izuchenie biodostupnosti razlichnykh form sinteticheskogo beta-karotina na dobrovol'tsakh.

The concentration of beta-carotene analyzed in blood serum of 30 healthy men and women aged 17-50 years by the method of HPLC in May-June 1990 was in range 3.3-29.5 and in average 12.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/100 ml. Concentration of carotene determined by Bessay's spectrophotometric method as sum of carotenoids composed 58.0-215.0 and in average 120.5 +/- 7.5 micrograms/100 ml. This level of carotenoids is higher by 10 times than level of beta-carotene detected by HPLC. But the levels of carotenes in blood serum detected by two methods are in positive correlation (r = 0.8). Single intake by volunteers 25 mg of synthetic beta-carotene in three different forms (as cyclodextrin derivation, or 30% microcrystalic suspension in vegetable oil, or 10% water-soluble form produced by Hoffman-La Roche company) caused increasing of beta-carotene concentration in serum with maximum within 24-48 hours. Bioavailability of cyclodextrin derivation of beta-carotene, determined by absolute increasing of beta-carotene concentration in serum, was lowest than that of other forms. Bioavailability of beta-carotene as 30% microcrystalic suspension in vegetable oil or 10% water-soluble form was practically the same. Intake of beta-carotene did not effect on level of retinol in serum which was in normal range.

[Providing adults and children with vitamin A and carotenoids in different regions of the CIS]. / Obespechennost' vitaminom A i karotinoidami vzroslogo i detskogo naseleniia razlichnykh regionov SNG.

Population based studies of vitamin nutritional status in Russia, Ukranian, Belarus and Baltic States in 1983-1991 give evidence about satisfied vitamin A nutritional status and insufficient carotenoids nutrition of population. The retinol level below 30 MK2/dl (lower reference level) was revealed in 6% of the adults, 19% of the children and 6% of the pregnant women. The level of carotene below 80 MK2/dl took place in 39% of the adults, 28% of the children and 18% of the pregnant women. Worst vitamin A and carotene nutritional status was detected in adults and children living in Mogilevskaya and Gomelskaya regions suffering from accident on Chernobyl station as well as inhabitants of large industrial centres (Ekaterinburg, Orenburg, Kemerovo, Norilsk, Zaporoz'e) with bad ecological situation It was pointed on probable connection between insufficient consumption of carotene and increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is recommended the realization of large-scale actions upon cardinal improvement of vitamin A and carotene supplying of population.

[Study of immunomodulating properties of beta-carotene in patients]. / Izuchenie immunomoduliruiushchikh svoistv beta-karotina v klinike.

It was shown that in patients with hypertension, duodenal and gastric ulcers and erosive gastritis leukopenia and lymphopenia are seen. At the same time contents of T- and B-lymphocytes are decreased and contents of C- lymphocytes are increased in circulation blood. Peroral daily intake of 20 mg of beta-carotene during 3-4 weeks caused increasing the contents of B- and T-cells and decreasing contents of C-lymphocytes in blood of patients.

[The vitamin provision of the adult population of the Russian Federation and changes during 1983-1993. II. Vitamin B complex]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami vzrozlogo naseleniia Rossiiskoi Federatsii i ee izmenenie v period 1983-1993 gg. Soobshchenie II. Vitaminy gruppy B.

The present paper is a continuation of the previous communication ("Problems of Nutrition" No4/95). The paper contains the generalized analysis of the data obtained by the laboratory of vitamin and mineral metabolism of the Institute of Nutrition during investigation of vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12 and folic acid provision of adult able to work population (men and women) of different regions of Russian Federation (Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Orenburg, Kusnetzk Basin, West and East Siberia, Far East, Bashkyria, Mary-El) from 1983 till 1993.

[The vitamin allowance of the adult population of the Russian Federation and its changes in 1983-1993. 1. Vitamins C, E, A and carotene]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami vzroslogo naseleniia Rossiiskoi Federatsii i ee izmenenie v 1983--1993 gg. Soobshchenie 1. Vitaminy C, E, A i karotin.

The investigations carried out in 1983-1993 showed increasing of insufficiency of vitamin C and carotene in population of almost all investigated areas of Russian Federation. Insufficiency of vitamin C was found in 70-95%, pronounced deficit in 45-70% of adults. Deficiency of carotene was was detected in 30-90% of adults. Insufficiency of these nutrients is unfavourable long condition detected not only during spring but also in summer in different occupational groups of population. Vitamins A and E nutritional status of different groups of population are good enough in all seasons.

[Vitamin status of children with diabetes mellitus]. / Vitaminnyi status detei, stradaiushchikh sakharnym diabetom.

A vitamin status was studied in 32 children of both sexes at the age of 9-15 years with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus within 2-3 years. The adequate consumption of all the vitamins studied was found only in two children. Polyhypovitaminosis was detected in 19% of these children. Deterioration of riboflavin metabolism observed was manifest, as a decrease in the vitamin content in tissues in line with an increase in its excretion with urine. As a result of this impairment metabolism of vitamins B6 and PP was disturbed with development of these vitamins secondary deficiency of the non-alimentary type. Obligatory correction of the water soluble vitamin deficiency in the patients with diabetes mellitus is discussed.

[Vitamin intake by various groups of the Republic of Bashkortostan population (June, 1992)]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami razlichnykh grupp naseleniia respubliki Bashkortostan (iiun' 1992 g).

The 1992 nutritional survey of the population living in the Republic of Bashkortostan found out that the population suffer from definite vitamin deficiency which concerns all the vitamins except A and E. Vitamin status was found satisfactory in 3.5% of the examinees. The rest needed vitamin supply by one, two, three, four and 5 vitamins (15%, 29%, 27%, 20% and 5.5%, respectively). Most frequently the subjects were deficient by vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, folic acid, carotenoids. Multivitamin deficiency presented most commonly with combination of ascorbic acid with two or three vitamins B. The authors point to the need in wide-scale vitamin supply of the Republic's population. The intake of vitamin C plus multivitamin preparations in doses satisfying physiological requirements are recommended.

[Effectiveness of the use of vitamin-enriched food premixes in the nutrition of children with insulin-dependent diabetes]. / Effektivnost' izpol'zovaniia obogashchennykh vitaminnymi premiksami gotovykh bliud v pitanii detei, bol'nykh insulinzhavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Vitamin-deficient children suffering from diabetes mellitus received milk dishes and drinks enriched with vitamin-rich premixes produced in Austria (Roche) for 2 weeks. The diet efficacy was evaluated by the values of thiamine, riboflavin, 4-pyridoxic acid, 1-methylnicotinamide and xanthurenic acid urinary excretion, blood levels of free and total riboflavin, nicotinamide and pyridoxic coenzymes, transketolase activity measured before and after the diet treatment. The latter resulted in a marked improvement in the levels of vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP and C, prevented the spring fall in vitamin supply. In view of incomplete normalization of the children's vitamin status after the two-week diet it is recommended to use the vitamin-enriched food and drinks for longer time or under a continuous regimen.