ABSTRACT
Case: A 27-year-old, gravida 2, para 0, Japanese female who was maintained on zinc acetate (75 mg/day) during pregnancy expressed her desire to breastfeed after birth. We investigated the possibility of breastfeeding while on treatment. Breast milk zinc concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption photometer. Breast milk zinc concentrations on the 4th (colostrum) and 32nd (post-colostrum) days post partum were 10.80 µg/mL and 3.28 µg/mL, respectively. These values are less than the reported range of breast milk zinc concentrations in Japanese women who are not under any medication. Conclusion: We measured blood and breast milk zinc concentrations of a patient with Wilson's disease who was taking zinc acetate (75 mg/day). Zinc values were within the range of breast milk concentrations of mothers who are not on zinc acetate.
Subject(s)
Hepatolenticular Degeneration/drug therapy , Milk, Human/chemistry , Zinc Acetate/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Asian People , Breast Feeding , Female , Humans , Japan , Pregnancy , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Zinc Acetate/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Cases requiring vancomycin administration planning in infants undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) are extremely rare. Here, we report a single case in which vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring and administration planning were implemented for an infant requiring CHDF. The patient was diagnosed with wound infection after gastrostomy and enterotomy surgery and received vancomycin treatment for infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The vancomycin trough serum concentration was successfully controlled within the acceptable range. Additionally, we discuss the potential usefulness of applying the CHDF clearance parameter for the fine management of vancomycin serum concentration in a pediatric patient undergoing CHDF.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Drug Monitoring/methods , Hemodiafiltration/methods , Vancomycin/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Infant , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Vancomycin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A new, direct analytical method for the determination of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD esters) was developed. The targeted 3-MCPD esters included five types of monoester and 25 [corrected] types of diester. Samples (oils and fats) were dissolved in a mixture of tert-butyl methyl ether and ethyl acetate (4:1), purified using two solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges (C(18) and silica), then analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five monoesters and five diesters with the same fatty acid group could be separated and quantified. Pairs of 3-MCPD diesters carrying the same two different fatty acid groups, but at reversed positions (sn-1 and sn-2), could not be separated and so were expressed as a sum of both compounds. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were estimated to be between 0.02 to 0.08 mg kg(-1), depending on the types of 3-MCPD ester. Repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD(r)%) varied from 5.5% to 25.5%. The new method was shown to be applicable to various commercial edible oils and showed levels of 3-MCPD esters varying from 0.58 to 25.35 mg kg(-1). The levels of mono- and diesters ranged from 0.10 to 0.69 mg kg(-1) and from 0.06 to 16 mg kg(-1), respectively.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Esters/chemistry , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Food Analysis/methods , Plant Oils/chemistry , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , alpha-Chlorohydrin/chemistry , Food Contamination/analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
We conducted a study to investigate the relation between estrogenic effects of p-tert-octylphenol (OP) and serum concentration as well as treatment duration. Adult ovariectomized rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of OP for 2 and 14 days. 17beta-Estradiol was also administrated at a dose of 5 microg/kg. OP was detected in serum at doses of 25 mg/kg and above for 2 days and with multiple doses (14 days) of 12.5 mg/kg. Uterine weights and luminal epithelial height were increased although the effects were weak compared to 17beta-estradiol. Estrous conversion of the vaginal smear was detected only in 14-day-treated animals. OP-treatment for 2 days caused a dose-related increase in proliferation of uterine luminal, glandular, and stromal cells and vaginal epithelial cells. From the 14-day experiment, the minimum estrogenic dose level of OP was concluded to be 25 mg/kg/day and the serum level at the dose was determined to be about 80 ng/ml. These findings demonstrated that OP exerts estrogenic activity in the female reproductive tract of ovariectomized rats only at high levels of exposure and that the effects are fundamentally related to serum OP levels.
