ABSTRACT
Myelosuppression or bone marrow suppression is one of the most common side effects caused by anti-cancer drugs. Certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics and viruses like B19 virus can also cause bone marrow suppression resulting in serious consequences like leukopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Currently, it is mainly treated by Filgrastim, use of which is not without side effects. Certain natural drugs can be a safer alternative to treat myelosuppression. Azadirachta indica, commonly known as Neem, is an important medicinal plant of subcontinent. Keeping in view the traditional uses of Neem, present study aims to investigate its potential role in reversing myelosuppression. Albino rats were used to determine hematopoietic activity of Neem leaves after inducing myelosuppression by cyclophosphamide given subcutaneously. Filgrastim was used as reference standard to compare the antimyelosuppressant activity of the drug. The drug was evaluated in three doses i.e. 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight, while blood samples were drawn on 0, 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. The drug was found to be effective in reversing bone marrow suppression in all three doses based on the hematological parameters (mean WBC, RBC, platelets, Hb, Hct etc.) which improved significantly. The results suggest that the drug can be used as antimyelosuppressant after establishing its safety and identifying its active constituents with their mechanism of action.
Subject(s)
Azadirachta , Bone Marrow Diseases , Bone Marrow , Hematologic Agents , Hematopoiesis , Plant Extracts , Animals , Azadirachta/chemistry , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/metabolism , Bone Marrow Diseases/chemically induced , Bone Marrow Diseases/drug therapy , Bone Marrow Diseases/metabolism , Cyclophosphamide , Disease Models, Animal , Filgrastim/pharmacology , Hematologic Agents/isolation & purification , Hematologic Agents/pharmacology , Hematopoiesis/drug effects , Methanol/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Solvents/chemistry , RatsABSTRACT
Bone marrow suppression is one of the serious consequences of treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX). It is very difficult to treat bone marrow suppression caused by anti-cancer drugs. This study was aimed to evaluate hematological effects particularly the antimyelosuppressant effects of ethanolic extract of papaya seeds at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg daily dose for three weeks in doxorubicin induced hematopoietic suppression in rat model. Hematological parameters were assessed on weekly basis on days 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21. The alcoholic extract was found to cause remission of induced myelosuppression as indicated by a dose dependent increase in WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, RBCs, Hb, hematocrit & mean corpuscular volume. However, the maximum dose (600mg/kg) of the extract showed maximum activity (p<0.05) in normalizing hematological parameters when compared with group B (induced group) and group A (controlled animals). These effects were compareable with those produced by Filgrastim 5µgm/kg used as standard or reference drug during these experiments. It is concluded from the results that papaya seeds possess myelostimulant activity and can be used to treat myelosuppression caused by chemotherapy. The drug can also be used for curing anemia, thrombocytopenia and immunological disorders characterized by myelosuppression.
Subject(s)
Carica/chemistry , Doxorubicin/adverse effects , Hematopoiesis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Erythrocyte Count , Erythrocyte Indices , Ethanol/chemistry , Hematopoiesis/physiology , Leukocyte Count , Platelet Count , Rats , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
The current study emphasized on assessment of Antioxidant, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the crude methanolic and chloroform leaves extracts along with their isolated compounds derived from Azadirachta indica. Phytochemical analysis revealed the manifestation of ancillary metabolites like alkaloid, anthraqinones, catechins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins and steroids. Methanolic crude extract of Azadirachta indica leaves revealed comparable antioxidant activity as that of quercetin and propyl gallate. As far as enzyme inhibitory activity was concerned, a significant AChE enzymes inhibition was observed. These findings confirm the traditional use of Azadirachticha indica as medicinal plant in the treatment of mental ailments and anti-inflammatory illnesses. Chloroform crude extract and isolated compounds showed weak antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities.
