Dexamethasone resets stable association of nuclear Snail with LSD1 concomitant with transition from EMT to partial EMT.

Cancer cells utilize epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during invasion and metastasis. This program has intermediate cell states with retained epithelial and gained mesenchymal features together, referred to as partial EMT. Histone demethylase LSD1 forms a complex with the EMT master transcription factor Snail to modify histone marks and regulate target gene expression. However, little is known about the formation of this complex during the Snail-dependent transition between partial EMT and EMT. Here we visualized the nuclear complex of Snail and LSD1 as foci signals using proximity ligation assay. We demonstrated that the nuclear foci numbers varied with the transition of exogenous Snail-dependent partial EMT to EMT. Furthermore, we found that long exposure to dexamethasone could revert exogenous Snail-dependent EMT to partial EMT. In this reversion, the nuclear foci numbers also returned to previous levels. Therefore, we concluded that Snail might select partial EMT or EMT by altering its association with LSD1.

The squamous cell carcinoma cell line OM-1 retains both p75-dependent stratified epithelial progenitor potential and cancer stem cell properties.

The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 is a stratified epithelial stem/progenitor marker of human epithelia. We found OM-1, a human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line, showed distinct cells with p75 cluster, especially located at the center of a growing colony in a monolayer culture. A cell with p75 cluster was surrounded by cytokeratin 14- and cytokeratin 13-expressing cells that settled at the outer margin of the colony. OM-1 cells were also capable of forming tumor spheres in a cell suspension culture, an ability which was attenuated by the inhibition of p75-signaling. Intriguingly, we also found a p75-negative cell population from a growing culture of OM-1 that re-committed to become p75-clustering cells. These results indicated the possibility that SCC with epithelial multi-layering capacity can exploit the p75-dependent stratified epithelial progenitor property for the cancer stemness.

Application of interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramic block for onlay block bone grafting in implant treatment: A case report.

Autogenous block bone grafting as treatment for alveolar ridge atrophy has various disadvantages, including a limited availability of sufficiently sized and shaped grafts, donor site morbidity and resorption of the grafted bone. As a result, interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramic (IP-CHA) materials with high porosity have been developed and used successfully in orthopedic cases. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report of clinical application of an IP-CHA block for onlay grafting for implant treatment in a patient with horizontal alveolar atrophy. The present study performed onlay block grafting using an IP-CHA block to restore bone volume for implant placement in the alveolar ridge area without collecting autogenous bone. Dental X-ray findings revealed that the border of the IP-CHA block became increasingly vague over the 3-year period, whereas CT scanning revealed that the gap between the block and bone had a smooth transition, indicating that IP-CHA improved the process of integration with host bone. In follow-up examinations over a period of 5 years, the implants and superstructures had no problems. An IP-CHA block may be useful as a substitute for onlay block bone grafting in implant treatment.

Preoperative oral health care reduces postoperative inflammation and complications in oral cancer patients.

The records of 70 patients with oral cancer who were treated at a single institution between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed. The body temperature, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were compared between those who had received preoperative oral care (oral care group) and those who had not received any (non-oral care group). When the patients were divided into those who underwent minimally invasive surgery and those who underwent severely invasive surgery, the mean CRP level in the early postoperative period was lower in the oral care group as compared with the non-oral care group in those who underwent minimally invasive surgery as well as those who underwent severely invasive surgery. However, the mean CRP level was most evidently reduced in the severely invasive group on days 1 and 3-5. However, no significant differences were observed with regard to the percentage of postoperative infectious complications (for example, surgical site infection, anastomotic leak and pneumonia) between the oral care (13.6%) and non-oral care (20.8%) groups, though a reduced prevalence of postoperative complications following preoperative oral care was noted. The results of the present study suggest that preoperative oral care can decrease inflammation during the early postoperative stage in patients with oral cancer who undergo severely invasive surgery.