ABSTRACT
The supraclavicular island flap has been widely used in head and neck reconstruction, providing an alternative to the traditional techniques like regional or free flaps, mainly because of its thin skin island tissue and reliable vascularity. Head and neck patients who require large reconstructions usually present poor clinical and healing conditions. An early experience using this flap for late-stage head and neck tumour treatment is reported. Forty-seven supraclavicular artery flaps were used to treat head and neck oncologic defects after cutaneous, intraoral and pharyngeal tumour resections. Dissection time, complications, donor and reconstructed area outcomes were assessed. The mean time for harvesting the flaps was 50 min by the senior author. All donor sites were closed primarily. Three cases of laryngopharyngectomy reconstruction developed a small controlled (salivary) leak that was resolved with conservative measures. Small or no strictures were detected on radiologic swallowing examinations and all patients regained normal swallowing function. Five patients developed donor site dehiscence. These wounds were treated with regular dressing until healing was complete. There were four distal flap necroses in this series. These necroses were debrided and closed primarily. The supraclavicular flap is pliable for head and neck oncologic reconstruction in late-stage patients. High-risk patients and modified radical neck dissection are not contraindications for its use. The absence of the need to isolate the pedicle offers quick and reliable harvesting. The arc of rotation on the base of the neck provides adequate length for pharyngeal, oral lining and to reconstruct the middle and superior third of the face.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Neck Muscles/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Surgical Flaps/blood supply , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clavicle , Cohort Studies , Esthetics , Female , Graft Rejection , Graft Survival , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neck Dissection/methods , Neck Muscles/transplantation , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Patient Positioning , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Treatment Outcome , Wound Healing/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In advanced head and neck tumors margins are very rarely comprehensively checked by frozen sections. The goal of this study was to analyze a new proposal for harvesting margins using a double-bladed scalpel. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients underwent a comprehensive resection of advanced head and neck tumors with a double-bladed scalpel. Margins were mapped and checked by frozen sections, while tumor resection continued. When positive margins were identified, they were excised again, and checked by frozen sections. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (87%) had clear skin and soft tissue margins at frozen sections. Five patients (13%) had focal skin and soft tissue-positive margins at frozen sections, which were re-excised. Two patients (5%) had skin and soft tissue-positive margins only at permanent sections. One was reoperated and 1 received radiation therapy. The 3-year local control rate was 58%. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study, the double-bladed scalpel appeared to be an interesting option for complete intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins of advanced head and neck tumors.
