ABSTRACT
A 68-year-old man developed immune-related adverse event (irAE) colitis after the initiation of nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy for malignant melanoma. We diagnosed the patient with grade 3 irAE colitis and started prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day). Although the symptom improved once, it worsened along with the tapering of prednisolone. Therefore, we started infliximab (IFX). However, symptoms did not improve after two doses of IFX. We discontinued IFX and initiated vedolizumab (VED). Because VED alone did not improve the symptom, we started granulocyte-monocyte apheresis (GMA). Twelve weeks after the onset, the colitis was in remission. Therefore, in addition to vedolizumab, GMA may be considered in cases refractory to treatment.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Blood Component Removal , Colitis, Ulcerative , Colitis , Male , Humans , Aged , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects , Monocytes , Colitis/therapy , Colitis/drug therapy , Infliximab/therapeutic use , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Granulocytes , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapyABSTRACT
Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the pathogen that causes red sea bream iridoviral disease. It causes a huge loss to the Japanese aquaculture industry. In 2021, outbreaks of red sea bream iridovirus occurred in South Japan. This study analysed nine whole-genome sequences of RSIV isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2021 using a short-read next-generation sequencer. Nine isolates had highly uniform sequences, and there was no variant depending on locations or host species. Phylogenetic analyses with other reported megalocytivirus isolates showed that RSIV isolated in 2021 was genetically different from RSIV previously isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2017-2019. These results suggest that RSIV isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2021 might spread from a common ancestor different from the recent one. Additionally, it was found that RSIV isolated in 2021 had sequence mutations on protein-coding sequences that may be involved in viral pathogenicity and infectivity.
Subject(s)
DNA Virus Infections , Fish Diseases , Iridoviridae , Iridovirus , Sea Bream , Animals , DNA Virus Infections/epidemiology , DNA Virus Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Iridoviridae/genetics , Iridovirus/genetics , Japan/epidemiology , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Bacteriological load of the fishes Cynoscion squamipinnis and Lutjanus gutattus in the marketing chain, Costa Rica. To determine the bacteriological quality of fishery products in the different stages from commercialization, monthly samples were taken during March 2004 and February 2006 from a Costa Rica marketing chain. Microbiological analyses were made to determine total coliforms (CT), faecal coliforms (CF), Escherichia coli (EC), aerobic total count (RTA), Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Three body zones were analyzed: skin, belly and muscle. There were differences in the amount of CT between parts: skin had the highest counts, 11% of samples were identified as E. coli. and 2.5% of total counts were higher than the legal limit. Only 1.3% of the samples were S. aureus-positive. Salmonella sp., V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were absent.
Subject(s)
Food Microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Perciformes/microbiology , Animals , Colony Count, Microbial , Costa Rica , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , HumansABSTRACT
Bacteriological load of the fishes Cynoscion squamipinnis and Lutjanus gutattus in the marketing chain, Costa Rica. To determine the bacteriological quality of fishery products in the different stages from commercialization, monthly samples were taken during March 2004 and February 2006 from a Costa Rica marketing chain. Microbiological analyses were made to determine total coliforms (CT), faecal coliforms (CF), Escherichia coli (EC), aerobic total count (RTA), Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Three body zones were analyzed: skin, belly and muscle. There were differences in the amount of CT between parts: skin had the highest counts, 11% of samples were identified as E. coli. and 2.5% of total counts were higher than the legal limit. Only 1.3% of the samples were S. aureus-positive. Salmonella sp., V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were absent. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 45-52. Epub 2009 June 30.
Con el fin de determinar la calidad bacteriológica de los productos pesqueros en las diferentes etapas de comercialización, desde marzo del 2004 y hasta febrero del 2006, recolectamos muestras mensuales y realizamos análisis microbiológicos para determinar coliformes totales (CT), coliformes fecales (CF), Escherichia coli, recuento total aerobio (RTA), Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae y Vibrio parahaemolyticus en la piel, el vientre y la carne de los productos. Hubo diferencias en la cantidad de CT encontrada entre las diferentes zonas corporales muestreadas, siendo la piel la zona con mayor conteo. En el 11% de las muestras identificamos E. coli y el 2.5% de los recuentos totales superaron los límites máximos aceptados. Salmonella sp., V. cholerae y V. parahaemolyticus estuvieron ausentes, mientras que sólo el 1.3% de las muestras fueron positivas para S. aureus.
