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1.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 27(8): 1185-1196, 2019 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31026650

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Abnormal joint instability contributes to cartilage damage and osteophyte formation. We investigated whether controlling joint instability inhibited chronic synovial membrane inflammation and delayed osteophyte formation and examined the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) signaling in the associated mechanism. DESIGN: Rats (n = 94) underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection. Anterior tibial instability was either controlled (CAM group) or allowed to continue (SHAM group). At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery, radiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay examinations were performed to evaluate osteophyte formation and TGF-ß signaling. RESULTS: Joint instability increased cartilage degeneration score and osteophyte formation, and cell hyperplasia and proliferation and synovial thickening were observed in the synovial membrane. Major findings were increased TGF-ß expression and Smad2/3 following TGF-ß phosphorylation in synovial membarene, articular cartilage, and the posterior tibial growth plate (TGF-ß expression using ELISA: 4 weeks; P = 0.009, 95% CI [260.1-1340.0]) (p-Smad2/3 expression density: 4 weeks; P = 0.024, 95% CI [1.67-18.27], 8 weeks; P = 0.034, 95% CI [1.25-25.34]). However, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and Smad1/5/8 levels were not difference between the SHAM model and the CAM model. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the difference between anterior tibial instability caused a change in the expression level of TGF in the posterior tibia and synovial membrane, and the reaction might be consequently involved in osteophyte formation.


Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery , Joint Instability/surgery , Knee Joint/surgery , Osteophyte/diagnostic imaging , Osteophyte/pathology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Animals , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/pathology , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism , Cartilage, Articular/metabolism , Cartilage, Articular/pathology , Cell Proliferation , Growth Plate/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Joint Instability/diagnostic imaging , Joint Instability/pathology , Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging , Models, Animal , Phosphorylation , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Smad2 Protein/metabolism , Smad3 Protein/metabolism , Suture Techniques , Synovial Membrane/metabolism , Synovial Membrane/pathology
2.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 25(8): 1274-1281, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28263900

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical impact of coexisting lateral osteoarthritis (OA) in knees with mild medial OA. DESIGN: In patients with Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade 2 OA in the medial compartment (n = 100; age: 56-89 years; 80.0% female), anteroposterior knee radiography was used to assess the presence of lateral OA, using grading systems from the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas and the K/L classification. The Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM), knee range of motion (ROM), and performance-based functional measures (10 m walk, timed up and go and five repetition chair stand maneuvers) were evaluated. The outcomes were compared between patients with and without lateral OA using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or nonparametric rank ANCOVA. Furthermore, ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed, with responses on individual JKOM pain questionnaires as the outcomes and lateral OA as the predictor. RESULTS: Knees with coexisting lateral OA had a significantly worse score of JKOM pain question compared with those without, after adjusting for covariates. The presence of lateral OA was significantly associated with knee pain while ascending/descending stairs and standing. These results were consistent between different definitions of the K/L and OARSI grading systems. The knee ROM and performance-based functional measures were not significantly different between patients with and without lateral OA. CONCLUSION: Knees with concomitant lateral and mild medial OA may be more symptomatic compared to those without lateral OA. These findings might help to define a clinically distinct subgroup based on a simple radiographic finding in mild knee OA.


Subject(s)
Arthralgia/etiology , Osteoarthritis, Knee/complications , Activities of Daily Living , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthralgia/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Femur , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging , Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology , Radiography , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Tibia
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