ABSTRACT
Metastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare event. To date, only 11 cases of metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) originating in the lung have been reported. We present a case of a patient in his 40s harboring two nodules in the thyroid gland that were diagnosed as well-differentiated NET (G1). Eighteen years before the patient underwent a lung lobectomy of the right upper lobe for a bronchial typical carcinoid with metastasis in one lymph node. Normal blood levels of calcitonin virtually ruled out the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and supported the diagnosis of a possible thyroid metastasis of the previous bronchial NET. Mutational analysis performed on both primary and metastasis tumor tissue did not show any mutation in the 409 genes analyzed.
Subject(s)
Adenoma , Carcinoid Tumor , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Lung Neoplasms , Thyroid Neoplasms , Carcinoid Tumor/diagnosis , Carcinoid Tumor/secondary , Carcinoid Tumor/surgery , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery , Humans , Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
In a model of murine ventricular cardiac tissue in vitro, we have studied the inotropic effects of electromagnetic stimulation (frequency, 75 Hz), isoproterenol administration (10 µM), and their combination. In particular, we have performed an image processing analysis to evaluate the kinematics and the dynamics of beating cardiac syncytia starting from the video registration of their contraction movement. We have found that the electromagnetic stimulation is able to counteract the ß-adrenergic effect of isoproterenol and to elicit an antihypertrophic response.
