Evaluation of Arab Cultural Barriers That Influence Muslim Arab Iraqi Women's Breast Cancer Screening Behavior.

Objective: Little is known about Iraqi women's practice towards breast cancer screening (BCS), breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography, and the influence of Arab culture. The aim of this study was to assess women's behavior towards BCS, and to explain the influence of specific Arab culture barriers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with 1,066 women. Three structured questionnaires were used in the data collection. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used for data evaluation. Results: Many Iraqi women did not practice regular BSE, CBE, and mammography. The most common reason was "not having a breast complaint". Specific Arab cultural barriers such as exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 0.545; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.440 to 0.674; p<0.001], environment (OR = 0.571; 95% CI = 0.464 to 0.703; p<0.001) and uneasiness barriers (OR = 0.736; 95% CI = 0.557 to 0.974; p=0.032) were predictors for BSE while exposure (OR = 0.553; 95% CI = 0.447 to 0.684; p<0.001), and environment barriers (OR = 0.585; 95% CI = 0.474 to 0.772; p<0.001) was predictor for CBE. Additionally, exposure (OR = 0.324; 95% CI = 0.251 to 0.419; p<0.001), environment (OR = 0.636; 95% CI = 0.500 to 0.809; p<0.001), and uneasiness barriers (OR = 0.644; 95% CI = 0.464 to 0.893; p = 0.008) were predictors for mammography screening of Iraqi women. Conclusion: Arab specific cultural barriers may be one of the key obstacles to BSC uptake in Iraq. Health education, including cultural education, may have the potential to increase BCS awareness and down-staging of the disease at presentation.

Barriers and Facilitators Influencing Arab Muslim Immigrant and Refugee Women's Breast Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review.

INTRODUCTION: This narrative review identifies barriers and facilitators influencing breast cancer screening among Arab Muslim immigrants and refugees. Low participation rates create health inequities in breast cancer screening among this population. METHOD: A systematic search of peer-reviewed empirical articles was performed. PRISMA, CASP, and MMAT checklists were used to appraise the studies. RESULTS: Results include 3 themes: individual, health care system and health providers, and cultural factors. DISCUSSION: Lack of fluency in the new country's language, lack of knowledge, and poor exposure to breast cancer screening may contribute to the Arab Muslim women's vulnerability to undiagnosed or delayed breast cancer diagnosis.

Musculoskeletal system disorders among surgical nurses related to the health industry in northwestern Turkey: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives. Nurses may encounter musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and pain episodes stemming from regular exposure to health industry risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSDs and associated factors among Turkish surgical nurses. Methods. A cross-sectional design using self-administered questionnaire surveys was employed with 169 surgical nurses. The survey included an individual data questionnaire and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire - extended (NMQ-E). Results. In total, 88.8% of the surgical nurses had musculoskeletal system disorders, and most experienced these problems related to the health industry. The interventions causing physical strain in the participants were identified as constant standing up, patient care, carrying heavy loads, sudden movements, patient transfer and pulling-pushing practices. The nurses used coping methods including walking, exercising, receiving physiotherapist support, pilates and yoga. The most frequently encountered problems were in the back region. A significant relationship was found between musculoskeletal system problems and the clinic of work, years of work, age and gender (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Nurses experience musculoskeletal problems related to the health industry. It is crucial to determine the real causes of musculoskeletal problems and take appropriate preventive measures to improve workplace ergonomics.

Cultural Beliefs of Turkish Women for Breast Cancer and Screening.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is an important health problem and early diagnosis is important in its treatment. Women's approach and cultural beliefs are effective in ensuring early diagnosis. This study examined psychometric properties of the Ferrans Cultural Beliefs Scale and assessed cultural beliefs on breast cancer and screening programs among Turkish women. METHOD: The study was performed in a descriptive and cross-sectional design with 420 women using the Ferrans Cultural Beliefs Scale that is considered reliable and valid in Turkey. RESULTS: The mean total score of the Ferrans Cultural Beliefs Scale was 3.24 ± 3.16. The highest "yes" responses were for the statement "If breast cancer is treated correctly, it can be cured" (n = 387, 92.1%). DISCUSSION: This study, which is the first in Turkey, highlights the importance of measuring the effects of Turkish healthy women's cultural beliefs in breast cancer and screening for early diagnosis. Determining women's cultural beliefs will make known the attitudes and behaviors toward breast cancer, so that the nurse will provide sensitive and effective nursing care, develop nursing knowledge, and integrate this knowledge with clinical practice.