Osmotic Release Oral System-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) versus atomoxetine on executive function improvement and clinical effectiveness in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study to compare the clinic efficacy and effects of osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate and atomoxetine on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by a open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The study was performed by 95 cases between ages 6 and 12 years who were diagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and also 40 control individuals. In this study, Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) was used in order to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Executive functions were assessed by the performance-based neuropsychological tests and ecological behavioral rating scales. Stroop test, cancellation test, and serial digit learning test were applied to performance based neuropsychological tests. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function tests (BRIEFs) were used as behavioral assessment scales. RESULTS: Among the ADHD groups, a reduction of over 40% in the CTRS subtest scores used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment was considered to be an improvement, and no significant difference was found for both drugs. Both Osmotic Release Oral System-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) significantly improved scores in neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION: Atomoxetine and OROS-MPH treatments have shown similar efficacy in clinical recovery and improvement on executive functions. However, disturbances in executive functions observed in children with ADHD are persistent despite treatment, when compared with the control group.

Increased serum thioredoxin levels are not correlated with executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The first step of this study aims to determine whether thioredoxin (Trx) has a potential role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by measuring serum Trx levels in children with ADHD. In the second step, this study aims to reveal whether there is any relationship between Trx and executive functions. This is the first study investigating the serum levels of Trx in children with ADHD. This study sample included 45 patients diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy controls. Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) are used to evaluate ADHD presentation, severity and executive functions, respectively. Trx levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Significantly higher Trx levels were found in children with ADHD. No significant correlations were found between serum Trx levels and executive functions for controls or ADHD group; although hyperactive/impulsive ADHD presentation showed positive correlations with some subdomains of executive function. Serum Trx levels and disease severity, measured by CTRS, showed non-significant correlations. This study may be the first step in the study of the role played by Trx and oxidative stress in ADHD, further research is needed to support these preliminary findings.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and oxidative stress: A short term follow up study.

In this study, we aimed to investigate total antioxidative status (TAS) and total oxidative status (TOS) of plasma and antioxidant enzymes such as paraoxonase (PON), stimulated paraoxonase (SPON), arylesterase (ARES) and thiols in plasma of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In the second step. this study aimed to reveal the possible effects of ADHD treatment on these parameters. Fifty-six patients with ADHD and 52 healthy controls were involved in this study. Venous blood samples were collected and oxidative and antioxidative parameter's were studied. In the second phase of the study, blood samples were taken from patients using medication. Pre-treatment oxidative stress index (OSI) values and the plasma TOS levels of the patients with ADHD were statistically higher than those of the control group. The plasma thiol levels of the patients with ADHD were significantly lower than the control group. The post-treatment plasma antioxidative parameter's levels were significantly higher than the pre-treatment levels. The post-treatment oxidative stress index value was significantly lower than the pre-treatment value. Therefore, oxidative metabolism was found to be impaired in children and adolescents with ADHD. It was also determined that methylphenidate repairs the oxidative balance by increasing antioxidant defence mechanisms.