Comparison Of Solifenacin And Mirabegron For The Treatment Of Overactive Bladder.

BACKGROUND: Overactive bladder is mostly treated with a combination of behavioural interventions and commonly prescribed anti-muscarinic medication therapy, including solifenacin, which has considerable side effects and lowers the quality of life. Mirabegron relaxes the detrusor muscle and is a recently approved drug for the treatment of OAB. This study examined the effectiveness and safety of two medications, solifenacin and mirabegron. METHODS: This study was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Sami Medical Center, Abbottabad for a period of 6 months from August 2022 to January 2023. Female patients of aged ≥18 years with symptoms of OAB were enrolled. RESULTS: Current study showed that the average age of patients was 37.47±12.48 years in Group S and 39.93±7.93 in Group M. The population consists of 60 (100%) females. After 4 weeks of follow up dizziness, dry mouth, constipation hypertension and blurred vision were found insignificant between both groups with p-values of 0.312, 0.161, 0.076, 0.076, and 0.313 respectively. OABSS score improved significantly and after therapy 4.20±1.32 in Group S and 3.43±1.13 in Group M. There was no significant difference in frequency of treatment withdrawal p-value 0.150. CONCLUSIONS: When it comes to relieving symptoms of OAB, both solifenacin and mirabegron are effective. The OABSS improved with both drugs; however, mirabegron was associated with fewer treatment-related adverse events. We advocate using mirabegron as the first-line treatment. Solifenacin can be utilized if patients are no longer getting the desired effects from Mirabegron.

Post Operative Complications Of Open Partial Nephrectomy With Respect To Tumour Location.

BACKGROUND: Partial Nephrectomy has been the go-to approach for the treatment of small sized renal tumours for years now. Like any other surgical procedure, it is associated with post-operative complications. The study was aimed at determining the post-operative complications of open partial nephrectomy concerning tumour location. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 45 patients as per inclusion criteria. The patients were managed as per department protocols and were observed for the development of immediate post-operative complications during hospital stays. RESULTS: Post-operative complications were observed in 4 (8.9%) patients and included haemorrhage (n=1; 2.2%) and urine leak (n=3; 6.7%). There was a statistically significant association between post-operative complications of partial nephrectomy and central tumour location (p=0.008, OR=14.52 and LR=5.70) and increased age (p=0.04, LR=5.40 and OR=8.90). Discussion: Increased age and tumour location may play a significant role in determining the likelihood of post-operative complications in patients who have undergone surgery for renal tumours.

Comparison Between Supine Position Versus Prone Position In Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Single Centered Analysis Of 623 Cases.

Background: The ideal urological method for treating complex, large renal calculi is Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Its instruments, surgical techniques, and positions have all been adjusted as a result of its ever-changing nature. In PCNL, the supine position is advantageous compared to the prone position due to its several advantages, including the absence of cardiopulmonary risks, fewer post operative complications and shorter operative time. This study was designed for comparison of PCNL in prone and supine positions. Methods: After receiving ethical and research committee approval, this retrospective review from secondary data was conducted from April 2015 to December 2021. Out of 623 patients, PCNL in prone position was performed on 258 patients and365 patients inmodifiedsupine position. The patients' demographics, stone size and location, number of tracts, operating time, hospital stay, stone clearance rate, and post-operative complications were all compared. Results: The gender and age of the patients, the size and number of tracts, and location of the stones were all comparable (p>0.05). Operative time for prone position was 82 min ±2.49 SD VS 65 min ±2.95 SD, for modified supine position, p<0.001), hospital stay was 58 hrs. ±1.66 SD for prone VS 51 Hrs. ±1.65 SD, for modified supine position, p<0.01) and analgesia requirements for prone position was 41% VS 23% for modified supine position, p<0.001). The stone clearance rate was 87% in supine position and 89% in the prone positioning group (p=0.47). Urinary leakage from tract site was 0.38% in prone vs. 0% in supine position and temperature >99 °F was 12.4% in prone vs. 11.3% in supine position were the most common post-operative complications. Angioembolization was not observed in either group. Blood transfusions were given to 4.26% in prone position and in 3.58% of cases in supine PCNL. Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine position had a short operating time, short hospital stays, and less analgesia requirements than PCNL in the prone position. In view of the above findings, supine PCNL is easy, quick to perform and having less complications rate as compare to Prone PCNL.

Inquiring Voluntary Turnover For Female Nurses In Pakistan Through Focused Ethnography.

BACKGROUND: Pakistan is a country with very low nurses to population rate. This problem becomes more prominent due to voluntary turnover; especially among female nurses. This problem could be attributed to several social and demographic factors. PURPOSE: This study sought to identify the factors affecting voluntary turnover of female nurses in Pakistan. METHODS: This study is qualitative in nature. Focused ethnography was used for detailed exploration of the issue of voluntary turnover among female nurses. Ethnographic interviews of informants were conducted to identify the social and organizational determinants of voluntary turnover among female nursing staff. RESULTS: Social factors affecting voluntary turnover include religious beliefs, cultural values, lack of social respect, marital disruption, and lack of psychological support. While organizational factors affecting voluntary turnover include sexual harassment, work-family conflicts, workload and job stress, emotional labour, undefined career path and lack of promotion opportunities and bullying behaviour of co-workers. DISCUSSION: Both social and organizational issues affect voluntary turnover among female nursing staff. Policymakers at national and organizational level must identify and address these issues to provide congenial work environment and to reduce turnover of female nurses in Pakistan.

Evaluating the effects of social networking sites addiction, task distraction, and self-management on nurses' performance.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of social networking sites (SNSs) addiction on nurses' performance and how this relationship was mediated by task distraction and moderated by self-management. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study is designed to empirically test the relationship of SNSs addiction, task distraction, and self-management with the nurses' performance. METHODS: Data were collected by conducting an online survey on nurses across the world using a web-based questionnaire developed through 'Google Docs' and distributed through Facebook from 13 August 2018 - 17 November 2018. The Facebook groups were searched using the selected key terms. In total, 45 groups were found to have relevance to this research; therefore, request was made to the admins of these groups to participate in this research and to post a link in their groups. Only 19 group admins responded positively by uploading a link of the research instrument on their respective group pages and 461 members of these groups participated in the research. RESULTS: Results of the data collected from 53 different countries indicated that SNSs addiction results in lowering the nurses' performance. This relationship is further strengthened by task distraction introduced as a mediating variable. The results show that self-management mediates the relationship between SNSs addiction and employees' performance. Moreover, the results of the study confirm that self-management reduces the negative impact of SNSs addiction on nurses' performance. CONCLUSION: Social networking sites (SNSs) addiction and task distraction reduce the nurses' performance, whereas self-management enhances nurses' performance. IMPACT: This study addresses the problem of using SNSs at the workplace and its potential effect on nurses' performance. Results demonstrate that SNSs addiction reduces the performance which is further decreased by task distraction; however, self-management of nurses can enhance the nurses' performance. The research has numerous theoretical and practical implications for hospital administration, doctors, and nurses.