ABSTRACT
Endophytes, a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites, were isolated from the widely used medicinal plant Calotropis procera Ait. Approximately 675 segments from 15 Calotropis procera plants and 15 latex samples were assessed for the presence of endophytic fungi. Finally, eight fungal species were isolated and identified based on their macro- and micro-morphology. The endophytic fungal filtrates were screened for their antimicrobial activity against 11 important pathogenic micro-organisms. The filtrates of nanoparticles were from three of the eight isolated endophytic fungi, namely, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus, and were highly effective against the tested bacteria, while the remaining endophytic fungal filtrates displayed low activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Calotropis/microbiology , Endophytes/isolation & purification , Fungi/isolation & purification , Nanoparticles/microbiology , Aspergillus flavus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus flavus/metabolism , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolism , Endophytes/classification , Fungi/classification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Penicillium chrysogenum/isolation & purification , Penicillium chrysogenum/metabolismABSTRACT
A radical-scavenging, guided phytochemical study of the latex of Calotropis Procera afforded five lignans (1-5), including a new one (4). The structural determination was accomplished using 1D- and 2D-NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and correlation with known compounds. Among the isolated compounds, acylated lignans (3-5) showed stronger antioxidant activity than non-acylated derivatives (1,2). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by determining the inhibitory potential against 5- and 15-lipoxygenase enzymes. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was observed in compound 4, with IC50s values of 7.6 µM and 2.7 µM against 5-LOX and 15-LOX, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Three new cardenolides (3, 9 and 10), along with eight known ones, were isolated from the latex of Calotropis procera. The structural determination was accomplished by the 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS analysis. The growth inhibitory activity of the latex and its sub-fractions as well as isolated compounds was evaluated against human A549 and Hela cell lines. The results exhibited that latex had strong growth inhibitory activity with IC50s of (3.37 µM, A-549) and (6.45 µM, Hela). Among the four extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous), chloroform extract displayed the highest potential cytotoxic activity, with IC50s of (0.985 µM, A-549) and (1.471 µM, Hela). All the isolated compounds displayed various degrees of cytotoxic activity and the highest activity was observed by calactin (1) with IC50s values of (0.036 µM, A-549) and (0.083 µM, Hela). None of these isolated compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity evaluated by determination of their MICs using the broth microdilution method against various infectious pathogens. The structure-activity relationships for cytotoxic activity were also discussed.
