ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in ocular surface squamous cell neoplasm and to evaluate the relationship between the identified polymorphisms and susceptibility to ocular surface squamous cell neoplasm and the clinical course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A totala of 70 patients with ocular surface squamous cell neoplasm (study group) and 75 healthy age and gender-matched individuals (control group) were included in the study. Vitamin D receptor FokI and BsmI polymorphisms were examined. The relationships between histopathological diagnosis, recurrence rates, tumor stage, and identified polymorphisms were investigated. RESULTS: Histopathologically, 43 of the cases were squamous cell carcinoma and 27 of the cases were conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. The frequency of FokI (FF, Ff, ff) and BsmI (BB, Bb, bb) polymorphism genotype of vitamin D receptor gene were similar in the groups. The frequency of polymorphism (heterozygous or homozygous) for BsmI (Bb and bb) was significantly higher (p = 0.046) in the study group, while no difference was found between the groups in terms of polymorphic carriers (heterozygous or homozygous) for FokI. There was no correlation between tumor stage, recurrence-polymorphism frequency, and patient age-polymorphism frequency. CONCLUSION: It is known that active vitamin D inhibits the growth of cancer cells by binding to vitamin D receptor with regulation of genes responsible for cell proliferation. The presence of BsmI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor, in particular bb genotype and b allele, appears to be associated with the susceptibility of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasm. BsmI gene polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor might play an effective role in the formation, progression, and in the course of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasm.
Subject(s)
Conjunctival Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Conjunctival Neoplasms/pathology , DNA Primers/chemistry , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This research investigated the peripheral retinas of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). METHODS: Sixty patients with CSCR and 60 age- and gender-matched controls were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. All 120 participants underwent ocular examinations and peripheral retinal evaluations using a Goldmann three-mirror lens. RESULTS: The examinations demonstrated peripheral retinal degeneration, atrophic or hyperplastic retinal pigment epithelial changes, and retinal breaks. The peripheral retinal degeneration rate was 39% in the CSCR group and 15% in the control group, and the CSCR group reported significantly more lattice degeneration than the control group (22 vs. 3%) (P = 0.004, odds ratio = 1.97, confidence interval = 0.68-5.65 and P = 0.002, odds ratio = 4.55, confidence interval = 0.77-26.83, respectively). Symptomatic U-shaped retinal breaks were found in three eyes (5%) in the CSCR group, and the rate of peripheral retinal degeneration was higher in the patients with chronic CSCR (vs. acute CSCR). However, this difference was not significant (P = 0.244). CONCLUSION: This study showed that peripheral retinal abnormalities, particularly lattice degeneration, are more common in patients with CSCR. Therefore, the authors recommend regular retinal examinations, with the inclusion of peripheral retinal assessments, for patients with CSCR.
