ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide. Exposure to PQ at toxic doses can result in fatal acute lung injury. Inhibition of the poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme alleviates inflammation and necrosis in various pathologies. Here we aimed to evaluate the effects of PARP inhibition on PQ-induced lung damage in a rat experimental model. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were allocated into three groups: sham, PQ and PQ + 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) that is a PARP inhibitor, groups. Experimental lung injury was induced by administration of 15 mg/kg PQ intraperitoneally in PQ and PQ + 3-AB groups. 3-AB (10 mg/kg twice per day) was administered to the PQ + 3-AB group for four consecutive days. The animals were killed on the fifth day following PQ administration. Lung tissue and blood samples were collected and stored until analysis. RESULTS: Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neopterin levels, tissue oxidative stress parameters, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß) levels and histological injury scores in the PQ + 3-AB group were significantly lower than in the PQ group (P < 0.05, PQ vs. PQ + 3-AB). Total antioxidant capacity in the PQ + 3-AB group was significantly higher than in the PQ group (P < 0.05, PQ + 3-AB vs. PQ). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the use of PARP inhibitors following PQ toxicity might be useful for minimizing lung injury due to paraquat toxicity.
Subject(s)
Benzamides/therapeutic use , Lung Injury/prevention & control , Paraquat/toxicity , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Benzamides/administration & dosage , Biomarkers/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lung Injury/chemically induced , Lung Injury/enzymology , Lung Injury/pathology , Neopterin/blood , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Cherry (Prunus Cerasus) is still one of the most popular preserve in Turkish cuisine. Cherry has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory-related symptoms. Recent researches have proved that cherry is a valuable natural source of some important bioactive compounds in human health preservation. Evidence suggests that, cherry consumption may decrease the risk of chronic diseases and cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of cherry on breast cancer cells lines, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level and certain multidrug-resistant bacteria. The cancer cell proliferation activity and analysis of apoptotic-necrotic cells was evaluated by using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scoring of apoptotic cell nuclei. Measurement of ADMA and the minimum inhibitory concentration was accomplished by HPLC and the micro dilution broth method. The results showed that, extracts of cherry exhibit anti-proliferative activity in mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) & mouse mammary tumor cell (4T1) breast cancer cells lines as well as induction of apoptosis, lower ADMA concentrations in cell cultures treated with cherry extract and antibacterial effects against certain multidrug-resistant bacteria in vitro. These findings may open new horizons for traditional anti-inflammatory product as prophylactic-therapeutic agent from cancer, cardiovascular diseases and multidrug-resistant infections.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Prunus , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , NecrosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Disability is one of the significant problems that the public faces as regards social aspects, economics, public health and politics. Our aim was to review the prevalence of diseases causing disabilities in young adult men who are declared "unfit for military service" in Turkey after medical examination. METHODS: We reviewed the prevalence of diseases among 113,175 young adult men who were referred for medical examination between 2009 and 2011. RESULTS: Prevalence of unfitness for military service was 5.56% in 2009, 6.74% in 2010 and 6.77% in 2011. Leading causes for young adult men to be rejected from military service was intellectual disability 6.88, hearing loss 3.71, epilepsy 1.59, schizophrenia 1.54 and diabetes mellitus 1.47 per thousand people. CONCLUSION: Screening for the prevalence of disability conditions is an important data source for policies to be developed. Supporting such survey with community based studies in different populations in future shall be beneficial for improvement of policies in social and health fields.
