ABSTRACT
To investigate the transition in concentration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and antibody for these viruses in serum, serum samples were collected from 29 pigs on weaning day and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 53, 84, and 120 days after weaning. The concentration of circulated PRRSV and PCV2 in serum was measured by real-time RT-PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. The specific antibody for PRRSV and PCV2 was measured using ELISA. PRRSV was not detected on 0 days post-weaning (dpw). The specific antibody for PRRSV began to increase as the concentration of PRRSV in serum increased, and the level of PRRSV then tended to decrease. PCV2 was detected in 12 of 28 pigs on 0 dpw. The concentration of PCV2 and the specific antibody for PCV2 showed a similar tendency to those of PRRSV. The correlation analysis suggests that a decline in the daily weight gain coincided with an increase in the PRRSV concentration. Pigs with a higher antibody titer against PRRSV or PCV2 on 0 dpw showed the lower level of PRRSV or PCV2, respectively.
Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus , Age Factors , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/virology , Circovirus/genetics , Circovirus/immunology , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Japan , Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology , Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/virology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Sus scrofa , Weaning , Weight GainABSTRACT
Diarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non-infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper-lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non-infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/veterinary , Disease Outbreaks , Dyspepsia/veterinary , Feces , Lactates/metabolism , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Viruses/isolation & purification , Age Factors , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Animals, Suckling/physiology , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea/microbiology , Diarrhea/physiopathology , Diarrhea/virology , Dyspepsia/epidemiology , Dyspepsia/microbiology , Dyspepsia/physiopathology , Dyspepsia/virology , Feces/chemistry , Feces/microbiology , Feces/virology , Japan , Prevalence , Sus scrofa , Swine Diseases/microbiology , Swine Diseases/physiopathology , Swine Diseases/virology , WeaningABSTRACT
We observed a significant difference in the organic acid profile of diarrheal feces between pigs infected with and free from pathogenic spirochetes. Diarrhea and loose feces were collected from growing pigs, held at 15 different commercial farms. A total of 106 samples were measured for organic acid concentration by HPLC and were checked for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli by PCR. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 3 samples collected from one farm. B. pilosicoli was detected in 5 samples collected from another farm. Lower concentrations of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were likely associated with development of pathogenic spirochete infection.
Subject(s)
Carboxylic Acids/metabolism , Diarrhea/veterinary , Spirochaetales Infections/metabolism , Spirochaetales Infections/veterinary , Spirochaetales/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/metabolism , Swine Diseases/microbiology , Animals , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Diarrhea/metabolism , Diarrhea/microbiology , Feces/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Spirochaetales/chemistry , Spirochaetales/genetics , Spirochaetales Infections/microbiology , SwineABSTRACT
The combination of Flinders Technology Associates filter papers (FTA cards) and real-time PCR was examined to establish a simple and rapid technique for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from whole pig blood. A modified live PRRS vaccine was diluted with either sterilised saline or pig whole blood, and the suspensions were applied onto the FTA cards. The real-time RT-PCR detection of PRRSV was performed directly with the samples applied to the FTA card without the RNA extraction step. Six whole blood samples from at random selected piglets in the PRRSV infected farm were also assayed in this study. The expected PCR product was successfully amplified from either saline diluted or pig whole blood diluted vaccine. The same PCR ampliocon was detected from all blood samples assayed in this study. This study suggested that the combination of an FTA card and real-time PCR is a rapid and easy technique for the detection of PRRSV. This technique can remarkably shorten the time required for PRRSV detection from whole blood and makes the procedure much easier.
