ABSTRACT
Heterozygous activating mutations of KCNJ11 (Kir6.2) are the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), and successful glycemic control has been obtained in several cases with oral sulfonylureas (SU). We have verified a lack of clinical response for both glycemic control and neurological features in an infant with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus and DEND syndrome due to a V59A mutation in the KCNJ11 gene. Thus, our case reinforces that most cases with DEND syndrome are insensitive to SU.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/genetics , Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Alanine/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus/congenital , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/complications , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Infant , Mutation, Missense/physiology , Syndrome , Treatment Failure , Valine/geneticsABSTRACT
The strength of reproductive isolation often correlates positively with parental divergence in both animals and plants. Here, we assess the relationship between transmission ratio distortion (TRD) of marker loci and parental divergence in intraspecific rice (Oryza sativa L.) crosses. We produced 10 diverse F(2) populations by crossing a temperate japonica reference accession with each of 10 donor accessions belonging to subpopulations different from the reference accession, and then genotyped the F(2) populations using molecular markers distributed across the entire genome. Significant TRDs (α = 0.05) were detected in 9 of the 10 F(2) populations. TRD regions on chromosomes 3 and 6 were common to several populations; in contrast, other TRD regions were unique to a single population, indicating the diversification of genomic location of TRDs among the populations. The level of TRD (estimated from the overall number and magnitude of TRDs) was significantly correlated with the genetic distance between the donor accessions and the reference accession. Our results suggest that in intraspecific rice crosses, parental divergence may result in diversification of the TRD pattern, followed by an increase in the level of TRD.
Subject(s)
Crosses, Genetic , Genetic Drift , Oryza/genetics , Chromosomes, Plant , Genome, Plant , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lentinan (LNT), a purified beta-glucan, is a biological and immunological modifier and has been used as an anticancer drug in combination with 5-fluorouracil for gastric cancer in Japan. In this prospective randomized study, we evaluated the effects of LNT combination with regard to quality of life (QOL) and LNT binding ratio in monocytes. METHODOLOGY: Twenty patients were evaluated for 12 weeks. One cycle was 3 weeks and S-1 (day1-14) and Paclitaxel (days1 and 8) were administered. LNT was used once a week (days 1, 8 and 15) and it was used for all 12 weeks in the LNT 12-wk group and only for the last 6 weeks in the LNT 6-wk group. QOL was evaluated weekly by QOL-ACD, and binding of LNT to monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There were individual variations in the binding ratio of LNT to monocytes from 0.16% to 11.95%. Toxicity with chemotherapy was not improved in the LNT 12-wk group, however, the total QOL score was significantly elevated in the LNT 12-wk group (p = 0.018) but not in the LNT 6-wk group. CONCLUSION: LNT combination from the beginning of the chemotherapy may be an important factor for the improvement of patient QOL.
