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1.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 20(2): 140-145, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-649564

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A reestenose coronária é um fenômeno pouco compreendidoe que permanece como um desafio mesmo na era dos stents farmacológicos. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar genes envolvidos na síntese de proteínas estruturais e funcionais de células musculares lisas com expressão aumentada em placas ateromatosas de humanos associadosa hiperplasia neointimal após o implante de stents não-farmacológicos. Métodos: Placas ateromatosas foram obtidasmediante aterectomia direcionada, previamente ao implante do stent. A análise da expressão dos genes foi realizada utilizando-se o sistema Affymetrix GeneChip. Os pacientes foramsubmetidos a ultrassom intracoronário 6 meses após o procedimento para análise volumétrica intrastent. Foi avaliada a correlação entre a expressão gênica de placas ateromatosas e o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (85,7%), com60,2 ± 11,4 anos de idade, 35,7% eram diabéticos e o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent foi de 29,9 ± 18,7%.Não houve variação do porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent entre os pacientes com ou sem diabetes (29,5% vs. 30,7%; P = 0,89). Não houve correlação entre a extensão do stent e o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent (r = -0,26; P = 0,26) ou entre o diâmetro do stent e o porcentual dehiperplasia intimal intrastent (r = 0,14; P = 0,56). Oito genes envolvidos na síntese de proteínas estruturais e funcionais de células musculares lisas apresentaram correlação positiva como porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent. Conclusões: As lesões coronárias de novo apresentam expressão aumentada de genes relacionados com a síntese de proteínas estruturais e funcionais de células musculares lisas associados a futurahiperplasia neointimal intrastent significativa, surgindo como novos alvos terapêuticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Atherectomy, Coronary/methods , Atherectomy, Coronary , Gene Expression , Coronary Restenosis/complications , Drug-Eluting Stents , Stents , Risk Factors
2.
Circ J ; 76(5): 1109-14, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22354194

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Statins have anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties irrespective of their cholesterol-lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a simvastatin-eluting stent (SimvES) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two patients with de novo coronary artery lesions were assigned to SimvES, bare-metal stent (BMS) or everolimus-eluting stent (EES) implantation followed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for neointimal quantitative analysis. Six months later, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and IVUS were repeated. QCA showed no binary restenosis, a mean in-stent late loss of 1.05 ± 0.25 mm (BMS, 1.12 ± 0.48 mm; EES, 0.20 ± 0.16 mm) and a diameter stenosis of 33.5 ± 7.1% (BMS, 35.5 ± 15.30%; EES, 7.2 ± 3.12%). Control IVUS showed a mean in-stent obstruction of 18.3 ± 9.4% (BMS, 32.8 ± 19.1%; EES, 9.8 ± 2.4%) and a neointimal volume index of 1.58 ± 0.75 mm(3)/mm (BMS, 2.93 ± 1.76 mm(3)/mm; EES, 0.80 ± 0.16 mm(3)/mm). Thrombus, late incomplete apposition and major adverse cardiac events were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients with de novo coronary lesions, the use of a SimvES was not related to major adverse cardiac events, but it was associated with a higher level of neointimal proliferation than expected.


Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Coronary Restenosis/pathology , Drug-Eluting Stents/adverse effects , Neointima/pathology , Simvastatin/adverse effects , Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Restenosis/etiology , Everolimus , Female , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Male , Middle Aged , Neointima/etiology , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Sirolimus/adverse effects , Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives , Sirolimus/pharmacology , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods
3.
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis ; 17(6): 437-44, 2006 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16905946

ABSTRACT

Despite the extensive research on the pharmacology of L-arginine, there are only few data on its antithrombotic properties. We studied the effect of oral L-arginine administration in a model of arterial thrombosis in rabbits divided into three groups: group 1, group without intervention; group 2, control group, treated with normal diet and submitted to the thrombosis-triggering protocol; group 3, treated for 2 weeks with L-arginine (2.25%) prior the protocol. L-Arginine did not alter platelet aggregation nor coagulation parameters but reduced vascular activities of both ADPase (49.1 +/- 8.5 versus 28.9 +/- 8.3 versus 18.8 +/- 10.3 nmoles inorganic phosphate/min per mg protein; mean +/- SD; group 1 versus group 2 versus group 3, respectively; ANOVA F = 19.21; P < 0.0001) and ATPase (97.8 +/- 15.8 versus 52.1 +/- 11.6 versus 31.9 +/- 16.3 nmoles inorganic phosphate/min per mg protein; mean +/- SD; group 1 versus group 2 versus group 3, respectively; ANOVA, F = 34.65; P < 0.0001). L-Arginine did not reduce the thrombi area (17.1 mm, 9.02 and 48.07, versus 27.04 mm, 25.4 and 70.39, median, percentile 25 and 75 respectively, P = 0.079; group 2 versus group 3, respectively). In conclusion, oral L-arginine administration did not inhibit thrombosis, and, conversely, it significantly reduced the arterial wall ADPase and ATPase activities. This effect may limit its antithrombotic properties.


Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphatases/drug effects , Apyrase/drug effects , Arginine/pharmacology , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism , Administration, Oral , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects , Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology , Apyrase/metabolism , Arginine/administration & dosage , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Femoral Artery/drug effects , Femoral Artery/enzymology , Male , Models, Animal , Rabbits , Statistics, Nonparametric , Thrombosis/etiology , Thrombosis/pathology
4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-695712

ABSTRACT

O endotélio cumpre um papel fundamental na vasodilatação fisiológica e na proteção da parede arterial frente aos processos de trombose e aterosclerose, assim como na resposta à lesão provocada pela angioplastia ou implante de stent intracoronário. Essa função protetora é exercida, entre outros mecanismos, através da síntese e liberação de óxido nítrico (NO) pela célula endotelial. O NO inibe a adesão e a agregação plaquetária, assim como provoca a desagregação de agregado plaquetário. Inibe também a mitogênese e a proliferação de células de músculo liso vascular, assim como a quimiotaxia e a adesão de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos ao endotélio. O NO é sintetizado na célula endotelial, a partir da L-Arginina, pela NO sintase endotelial constitutiva (NOSec), uma enzima constitutiva codificada por um gene localizado no cromossomo 7q35-36, contendo 26 éxons que ocupam 21 quilobases. Foram descritos alguns polimorfismos deste gene, entre os quais, o polimorfismo 894G>T, presente no éxon 7 do gene da NOSec. Este polimorfismo consiste na substituição de uma base guanina por uma timina no nucleotídeo 894 do gene; esta mutação resulta na substituição de um aminoácido glutamato por aspartato na posição 298 da NOSec (Glu298Asp). Nesta revisão, descreve-se a possível associação desse polimorfismo com a doença coronária, destacando algumas contribuições de nosso grupo de pesquisa.


The endothelium plays a major role in the physiological vasodilatation, in the protection of the arterial wall against atherosclerotic and thrombotic process, as well as in the response to vessel injury after coronary angioplasty and stenting. This protective function is mediated, among others, by the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. The NO has been shown to inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation, and also to stimulate disaggregation of preformed platelet aggregates. It also inhibits mitogenesis and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as polymorphonuclear adhesion and chemotaxis. The NO is synthesized in the endothelial cell from L-arginine, by endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS), which is a constitutive enzyme codified by a gene located in locus 7q35-36, containing 26 exons that occupy 21 kilobases. Some polymorphisms in this gene have been described. Among these, the 894G>T polymorphism present in the exon 7 of the ecNOS gene. This polymorphism consists of the substitution of a guanine base by a thymine at nucleotide 894 of the gene; this mutation results in the substitution of the glutamate amino acid by aspartate at the 298th position of the ecNOS protein (Glu298Asp). In this review, we describe the possible association of this polymorphism with coronary artery disease and the contributions of our research group.


Subject(s)
Coronary Disease , Genes , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Polymorphism, Genetic
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