Subject(s)
Anuria , Gastroenteritis , Kidney Papillary Necrosis/diagnosis , Rotavirus Infections , Ureteral Obstruction/diagnosis , Ureteroscopy , Anuria/diagnosis , Anuria/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Gastroenteritis/complications , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/metabolism , Humans , Infant , Male , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Rotavirus Infections/complications , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus Infections/metabolism , Stents , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography/methods , Ureteral Obstruction/etiology , Ureteroscopy/instrumentation , Ureteroscopy/methods , Uric Acid/metabolism , Urinary Calculi/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To prospectively evaluate the long-term impact of valproate (VPA) versus carbamazepine (CBZ) on anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic parameters in young male patients treated for epilepsy. METHODS: Of 61 boys with newly diagnosed epilepsy followed up, 24 were excluded from analysis (17 were lost to follow-up and 7 changed therapy within <1 year). Findings were compared by time, treatment (VPA or CBZ), and epilepsy type (generalized or partial) as well as against a matched control group with adequately treated hypothyroidism. RESULTS: Twenty-four boys were treated with VPA and 13 with CBZ. The weight-standard deviation score (SDS) significantly increased during the first 6 months of treatment (p < 0.001), irrespective of the drug type, but decreased between the first and the last visit (p = 0.01). In patients with generalized epilepsy, there was a slight decrease in height- and weight-SDS between the first and the last visit (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). The height-SDS at the last visit was comparable to the parental height-SDS. The mean age at puberty onset was 11.2 and 11.4 years in the study and the control group, respectively (p = 0.08). There were no significant differences in the other parameters by treatment or epilepsy type. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term therapy with VPA or CBZ has no significant endocrinological or metabolic adverse effect on male children and adolescents with epilepsy.
