[Diagnostics and treatment of daily headache].

The authors present the results of the voluntary questioning of 235 neurologists on what methods should be applied to the diagnostics of chronic daily headache (CDH). Of these, 72.8% named eye ground evaluation, 61% named scull and cervical radiograms, and 50.2% considered computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to be necessary. Electroencephalography and electroneuromyography were considered to be of less value and were mentioned by 21.3% and 10.2% of the questioned, respectively. In CDH treatment 75.3% of the neurologists used antidepressants and anxiolytics, 37% used cavinton, and 36.6% used pyracetam.

[Pathogenesis and therapy of posttraumatic epilepsy]. / Patogenez i lechenie posttravmaticheskoi épilepsii.

Considerations on prevalence, conditions and development mechanisms of epilepsy after cranio cerebral injuries as well as peculiarities of its diagnosis using clinical, neurophysiologic and computed tomography methods are presented. Implications and limitations of the latter, frequency and features of neurological and mental disorders in relation to main appearances of the disease, i.e. types of epileptic seizures, etc., are regarded. Principles of treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy, the data on biochemical, neurochemical and neuropathological symptoms of epileptogenesis are summarized. The authors highlighted the advantages of monotherapy, importance of taking into account the patient's personality, contacting with a patients family and ensuring his or her rights and quality of life. Also, the bases and stages of patient's rehabilitation are discussed.

[Application of a mathematical algorithm for the detection of electroneuromyographic results in the pathogenesis study of facial dyskinesia]. / Primenenie matematicheskogo algoritma raspoznavaniia rezul'tatov élektroneiromiografii dlia izucheniia patogeneza litsevykh diskinezii.

To carry out a differential diagnosis of two facial dyskinesia (FD) models--facial hemispasm (FH) and facial paraspasm (FP), a combined program of electroneuromyographic (ENMG) examination has been created, using statistical analyses, including that for objects identification based on hybrid neural network with the application of adaptive fuzzy logic method and standard statistics programs (Wilcoxon, Student statistics). In FH, a lesion of peripheral facial neuromotor apparatus with augmentation of functions of inter-neurons in segmental and upper segmental stem levels predominated. In FP, primary afferent strengthening in mimic muscles was accompanied by increased motor neurons activity and reciprocal augmentation of inter-neurons, inhibiting motor portion of V pair. Mathematical algorithm for ENMG results recognition worked out in the study provides a precise differentiation of two FD models and opens possibilities for differential diagnosis of other facial motor disorders.

[The diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculomyeloischemia]. / Diagnostika i lechenie tservikal'noi radikulomieloishemii.

In the study performed the authors focused on ICR pathogenesis and symptoms specification, improvement of ICR diagnosis and pathogenetic conservative treatment. Clinical manifestations of the disease were ascertained resting on x-ray, electroneuromyography and thermotopography evidence on 77 ICR patients. A key role of dyscirculatory ischemia in the disease origin is confirmed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with initial manifestations and those with apparent cervical radiculomyelopathy. The authors introduced an original approach to the disease treatment: the exposure of the vertebral arteries to diadynamic current adjusted to the patient's heart rate. The response to the treatment was achieved in all the patients and was confirmed by instrumental findings.

[Peridural analgesia in the combined treatment of neurologic syndromes in lumbar osteochondrosis]. / Peridural'naia anal'geziia v kompleksnom lechenii nevrologicheskikh sindromov poiasnichnogo osteokhondroza.

The authors relate the results of the treatment of 151 patients with the remarkable painful syndrome of long standing associated with lumbar osteochondrosis. In 74 patients of the main group, peridural administration of the synthetic opiates dipidolor and phentanyl provided effective analgesia in the lack of sympathetic denervation, arterial hypotension and tissue deafferentation. The selective action of the synthetic morphine-like opiates did not reduce the activity of the endogenous antinociceptive structures or destroyed the reflex mechanisms of sanogenesis. The economic effect obtained as a result of introduction of peridural injections of dipidolor and phentanyl into multimodality treatment of the neurological syndromes associated with lumbar osteochondrosis has been computed.

[Dynamics of clinico-electromyographic indices in reflexotherapy of radicular syndromes of lumbar osteochondrosis]. / Dinamika kliniko-élktromiograficheskikh pokazatelei v protsesse refleksoterapii koreshkovykh sindromov poiasnichnogo osteokhondroza.

Using electromyography the authors studied the functional status of the segmentary apparatus of the spinal cord in 58 patients with compression of S1-radicle secondary to vertebral osteochondrosis. The findings obtained included changes in the interferential EMG and reciprocal reflexes and decreased reflectory activity of alpha-motoneurons predominantly on the side of radicular involvement with the simultaneous intensification of gamma-loop effect. Acupuncture was followed by pain alleviation and normalization of the functional activity of the segmentary apparatus of the spinal cord mainly at the expense of this activity reduction on the healthy side. Clinical recovery was observed following the compensation of neuroreflectory activity of the segmentary centres on a new functional level. The advisability of the use of acupuncture in the treatment of the radicular syndrome of lumbar osteochondrosis is justified.

[Pathogenesis of secondary contractures of the mimetic muscles]. / K patogenezu vtorichnoi kontraktury mimicheskikh myshts.

The results of a clinical and experimental study of the pathogenesis of secondary contractures of mimical muscles are presented. By means of clinico-electrophysiological studies 115 patients with postneuritic contractures are studied. A clinico-statistical analysis of 723 patients with facial nerve neuritis was conducted. For the first time it was possible to model the disease in 112 rabbits with an eventual complex study of the morphological basis and pathophysiological mechanisms of experimental contractures on all stages of its formation. As a result, some ways of accomplishing pathological reflectory influences on the affected nervous-muscular apparatus are defined on the part of the segmentary and suprasegementary structures of the brain stem. It was demonstrated that the direct reason of a disturbed functional state of these structures was an afferent desintegration, due to a crude lesion of the facial nerve and subsequently, it wrong regeneration with a change of the usual scheme of nervous-muscular relations. On the basis of obtained results a pathogenetic therapy of secondary contractures of mimical muscles with Tegretol was proposed and tried clinically.

[Functional state of the suprasegmental structures of the brain in experimental secondary contracture of the facial muscles]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie nadsegmentarnykh struktur mozga pri éksperimental'noi vtorichnoi kontrakture litsevykh myshts.

For the first time the model of secondary contractures of facial nerves was used to study by long-term sterotaxic implanted electrodes the state of the cortex, amygdal complex, reticular formation of the middle brain, reticular nuclei of the pons and nuclei of the facial nerves. The experiments were accomplished on 31 rabbits. The experiments confirmed a close functional connnection of the VII pair of cranial nerves with the limbico-reticular complex. In secondary contracture there were factors facilitating the influence of pons reticular structures on the deficient system the facial nerve--facial muscles. The achieved data are used to explain the origination of the main symptom of secondary contractures--a stable increase of the muscular tone.