[Specific features of the structure of sleep and personality under the conditions of chronic emotional stress and methods of improving the adaptive abilities of man]. / Osobennosti struktury sna i lichnosti v usloviiakh khronicheskogo émotsional'nogo stressa i metody povysheniia adaptivnykh vozmozhnostei cheloveka.

The results of a complex psychophysiological study of human sleep in the chronic stress condition are described. 20 patients with complaints of night sleep disturbances in the chronic stress condition and 10 healthy controls were examined by polysomnography. Profound changes of the quantitative and qualitative sleep parameters, mainly, related with the slow sleep phase, sleep delta characteristics and adaptive wakefulness mechanisms. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of improving the human adaptive parameters in the chronic stress conditions by using the drug and drugless therapy methods.

[Sleep stages after psychoemotional exposure: individuality-dependent changes]. / Stadii sna posle psikhoémotsional'nykh vozdeistvii: individual'nost' izmenenii.

Sleep stages were studied in healthy subjects with the aid of a battery of tests involving questionnaires, psycho-tests, motor tests, polysomnography, and cardiomonitoring. An induced psychoemotional tension was shown to change the 1st sleep stage, to decrease percentage of the 2nd stage of the slow-wave sleep, to redistribute the delta-sleep, and to suppress the REM sleep mechanism. The cerebro-visceral function of increasing the heart rate and its variability in night sleep was also affected. Patterns of the sleep structure changes depended on personality characteristics of the subjects. Thereupon, individual programs should be used in studies of psychoemotional stress effects upon the sleep pattern.

[The protective signalization of human vital functions: methodology, concept, devices]. / Okhrannaia signalizatsiia zhiznenno vazhnykhh funktsii cheloveka: metodologiia, kontseptsiia, ustroistva.

The paper describes a basically new approach to solving the most pressing sociomedical approach, i.e. timely rendering a medical aid when acute vital dysfunctions suddenly occur in real daily life. A new concept of medical instrument making for human life and health protection has been developed on the basis of the theory of functional systems which discloses the universal mechanisms of self-regulation of the body's function. Its practical application is the design and patent a number of original devices of the protective signalling system which may be classified as information microprocessor devices designed for daily individual continuous control and notification of the first objective signs of physiological dysfunctions.

[Methodology of functional theory systems in the design of devices for controlling human physiological functions]. / Metodologiia teorii funktsional'nykh sistem v razrabotke ustroistv dlia kontrolia fiziologicheskikh funktsii cheloveka.

The paper describes a basically new approach to solving the most urgent sociomedical problem--timely medical aid delivery in emergency acute vital dysfunctions in human beings. Based on the theory of functional systems, a new concept of medical equipment building for human life and health protection has been developed. The original guarded signalling devices referring to information domestic microprocessor techniques intended for daily individual continuous control and notification of the first objective signs of physiological dysfunctions are described.

[The effect of the combined action of chronic gamma irradiation and emotional stress in rats]. / Effekty kombinirovannogo deistviia khronicheskogo gamma-oblucheniia i émotsional'nogo stressa u krys.

Combined gamma irradiation and stress increased the emotional response in rats. The number of lymphoid cells increased significantly in the bone marrow, thymus and spleen, whereas fewer reticulocytes, neutrophils and thrombocytes were found in the peripheral blood.

[Neuromediator integration of emotional excitation and mechanisms of stress resistance]. / Neiromediatornaia integratsiia émotsional'nogo vozbuzhdeniia i mekhanizmy ustoichivosti k stressu.

The paper presents a study of the central neurochemical organization of negative emotional states changing into emotional stress. The neurotransmitter integration of negative emotional excitation wherein, in addition to classical neurotransmitters, endogenous peptides, such as substance P, prolactin, which are able to enhance emotional stress resistance serves as the basis of formation of a negative emotional state An idea of the central peptidergic mechanisms of limiting the development of emotional stress is formulated and experimentally evidenced within the current concept of the systemic organization of emotions.

[The physiological properties of endogenous oligopeptides that enhance resistance to emotional stress]. / Fiziologicheskie svoistva éndogennykh oligopeptidov, povyshaiushchikh ustoichivost' k émotsional'nomu stressu.

In the work was studied the effect of the delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) on the substance P (SP) content in the hypothalamus of August rats genetically predisposed to emotional stress. The hypothalamic SP level increased 3 h and 6 h after systemic i. p. DSIP administration in doses of 60 and 120 nM/kg. The effects of i. p. DSIP administration on the hypothalamic SP were studied on an experimental model of aggressive-conflict behaviour in rats. The peptide was injected before the animals were exposed to stress. Quintuple DSIP administration in the above mentioned doses before exposing rats to stress induced highly significant increase in the hypothalamic SP. Single DSIP injections also significantly elevated SP values, reduced the adrenal hypertrophy and the thymus involution resulting in an increase of the rats' survival as compared to the control animals exposed to stress without DSIP. The antistressor effect of DSIP is assumed to be realized through the increase of the hypothalamic SP which is a factor enhancing the animal resistance to emotional stress.

[The delta sleep-inducing peptide as a factor enhancing the content of substance P in the hypothalamus and the resistance of rats to emotional stress]. / Peptid, vyzyvaiushchii del'ta-son, kak faktor, povyshaiushchii soderzhanie veshchestva P v gipotalamuse i ustoichivost' krys k émotsional'nomu stressu.

The influence of the delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP, 60 and 120 nmol/kg, intraperitoneally) on the content of substance P (SP) in rats hypothalamus was studied on males of August line. DSIP administration significantly increased the mean SP content in the hypothalamus and also its content in animals, stable and predisposed to emotional stress. Daily DSIP administration before putting the rats in conditions of stress increased the SP content in the hypothalamus decreased at the emotional stress. Preliminary single DSIP administration to the animals subjected to stress also increased the SP content. Single DSIP administration in a dose of 60 nmol/kg sharply reduced classical stress manifestations, such as hypertrophy of adrenals and thymus involution.

[Enhanced resistance to emotional stress through the use of D-phenylalanine]. / Povyshenie ustoichivosti k émotsional'nomu stressu s pomoshch'iu D-fenilalanina.

Stress-protective action was studied of D-phenylalanine, having an ability to decrease destruction of endogenic enkefalins. In the experiments stability of the experimental (receiving D-phenylalanine) and control groups of male rats of August line to emotional stress was compared in conditions of immobilization stress by parameters of animals survival rate, adrenal glands hypertrophy development, involution of thymus, pathologic changes in lungs (abscesses development), ulcero-dystrophic disturbances in stomach, and also the activity and kinetic properties of enzyme tyrosin-hydroxylase in the hypothalamus were determined. It was shown that by several of the mentioned physiological parameters the D-phenylalanine significantly increased the animals stability to the emotional stress and decreased tyrosinhydroxylase activity which participates in activation of katecholaminergic processes.

[Increasing resistance to emotional stress by endogenous peptide prolactin]. / Povyshenie ustoichivosti k émotsional'nomu stressu s pomoshch'iu éndogennogo peptida prolaktina.

In real work we studied ability of endogenic peptide prolactin to raise the resistance of emotional stress under existing conditions of experimental model. Emotional stress was formed in the course of 5 days during 5 hours with fixation of groups of rats. All experimental animals were divided into three groups. The experiments showed the ability of the prolactin to raise the resistance of emotional stress.

[The prediction of resistance to emotional stress based on the individual testing of behavior]. / Prognozirovanie ustoichivosti k émotsional'nomu stressu na osnove individual'nogo testirovaniia povedeniia.

On the basis of the elaborated experimental model for testing of emotional interaction of animals individual typification of behaviour was established according to which all experimental male rats of August line were subdivided into groups: I--rats manifesting behaviour of avoidance, "victims" of electrocutaneous stimulation; II--without definite behaviour with respect to the "victim" rat; III--rats, preferring the behaviour determining electrocutaneous stimulation of the "victim" rat. All typified animals were subjected to emotional stress with the use of the elaborated experimental model of aggressive-conflict behaviour. Stability against emotional stress of each group of animals was studied. Significant differences were established of stability degree to emotional stress of the rats of three groups manifesting different types of behavioural reaction in conditions of emotional interaction. The most stable were rats of the I group, the least--of the III group; rats of the II group were in the middle position. Typification on the basis of testing of emotional interaction of animals allows to prognosticate individual stability against emotional stress.

[An experimental model for testing the emotional interactions of animals]. / Eksperimental'naia model' dlia testirovaniia émotsional'nogo vzaimodeistviia zhivotnykh.

A new experimental model has been worked out for testing of animals emotional interaction; it represents a maze, consisting of two start chambers, passages and central chambers. Individual testing of animals behaviour was carried out on the basis of recording of active preventing of electrocutaneous stimulation of another animal, which was realized in the maze by means of choice by the tested animals of one of two possible movement directions excluding electrocutaneous stimulation of the animal-victim in the central chamber. The experiments were carried out on 35 male Wistar rats. As a result the animals were divided into three groups according to their behaviour type--per cent of running delivering the rat-victim from the electric current. The elaborated model has revealed a high precision of typification at testing of the individual behaviour in conditions of rats emotional interaction and it may be used for individual behavioural tests of other small laboratory animals.

[Hemodynamics in emotional responses and in emotional stress]. / Gemodinamika pri émotsional'nykh reaktsiiakh i émotsional'nom stresse.

Negative emotional states induced with electrical stimulation of ventro-medial hypothalamus (VMH) or with behavioral conflicts were followed by vascular pressor responses tending to sum up. Positive emotional states were followed mainly by pressor-depressor vascular responses in animals. Obvious disorders of cardio-vascular functions occurred in experimental-emotional stress, vascular responses to the VMH stimulation being mostly of the pressor character. Changes in vascular tone were shown to play a major part in disturbances of the AP regulation in the immobilization stress, a progressing fall in the AP due to a sharp decrease in total peripheral resistance being the main reason of the animals' death. The resistance of cardio-vascular functions against emotional stress seems to be determined mainly by genetic mechanisms.

[Physiologically adequate experimental model of aggression and emotional stress]. / Fiziologicheski adekvatnaia éksperimental'naia model' agressii i émotsional'nogo stressa.

A simple adequate experimental model of aggression and emotional stress has been elaborated, based on mild fixation of rats tails in the cage wall. It is shown that in a group of rats, in these conditions a continuous aggressive behaviour arises, leading to the development of emotional stress. The elaborated experimental model has no defects, characteristic of other models of aggression and stress. It demands neither a prolonged training of animals nor special expensive equipment; it allows simultaneous use in experiments of a great number of animals, creates conditions for natural aggressive-defensive behaviour of rats without provoking artificial manipulations. The proposed model allows to study the pathogenesis of emotional stress, mechanisms of resistivity and predisposition to it and also search and testing of biologically active substances, enhancing resistance to emotional stress.

[Microiontophoretic study of the chemical sensitivity of neurons in the medial hypothalamus to substance P in rats]. / Mikroionoforeticheskoe issledovanie khimicheskoi chuvstvitel'nosti neironov medial'nogo gipotalamusa k substantsii P u krys.

Chemical sensitivity of the medial hypothalamic neurons to microiontophoretically applied substance P was studied in male immobilized Wistar rats. Over half of the neurons responding to the substance P by either increase or decrease of their firing rate. Neurons were found that changed their responses under repeated application of the peptide. The immobilization stress in rats seems to induce changes in chemical sensitivity of the medial hypothalamus neurons to substance P.