ABSTRACT
Oral health is considered an important factor of general health and it contributes to the quality of life. Despite the raising awareness of preventive measures, the prevalence of oral health conditions continues to increase. In this context, a growing interest in investigating natural resources like Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) phenolic compounds (PhCs) as oral health promoters has emerged. This paper aims to review the evidence about the bioactivities of V. vinifera by-products in oral health. Up to date, a high number of studies have thoroughly reported the antimicrobial and antiplaque activity of V. vinifera extracts against S. mutans or in multi-species biofilms. Moreover, the bioactive compounds from V. vinifera by-products have been shown to modulate the periodontal inflammatory response and the underlying oxidative stress imbalance induced by the pathogenic bacteria. Considering these beneficial effects, the utility of V. vinifera by-products in the maintaining of oral health and the necessary steps towards the development of oral care products were emphasized. In conclusion, the high potential of V. vinifera by-products could be valorized in the development of oral hygiene products with multi-target actions in the prevention and progression of several oral conditions.
ABSTRACT
Winery industry by-products have a great reuse potential in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and the bioactivity of Vitis vinifera variety Feteasca neagra tendrils extract (TE) and leaves extract (LE), intended to be used in oral hygiene products recommended in periodontal disease. The evaluation of the phenolic content was performed by colorimetric analysis. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical profile of the two extracts obtained from V. vinifera. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric methods, as well as on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cell line. The cytocompatibility and cytoprotective effect against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity were tested, as well as the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The TE showed higher total polyphenolic content, rich in rutin, compared to the leaves extract that displayed important amounts of isoquercitrin. The antioxidant effect was confirmed by both non-cellular and cellular tests. The cytocompatibility of the extracts was confirmed at a wide range of concentrations. The cytoprotective effect was demonstrated in HGF exposed to cytotoxic doses of nicotine; 300 µg/mL of both tested extracts decreased nicotine toxicity by approximately 20%. When challenged with E. coli polysaccharides, in HGF cells co-exposed to TE and LE, a reduction in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1ß) was observed. The extracts were both able to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines, and had notable antimicrobial effects on pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis.
