[Dependence of haemostasis system response from initial blood coagulation activity under total joints replacement].

Effect of the initial state of the plasma hemostasis on the hemocoagulation changes after the total arthroplasty surgery was studied in 100 patients with osteoarthritis. Indicators of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and physiological anticoagulants were determined before and after completion of the surgery, at days 1, 3, 7, and 13-14 postoperatively. Increased coagulation activity befor surgery enhanced blood clotting within three days after the surgery. Enhanced consumption of physiological anticoagulants reduced the ability to recover their level a week after arthroplasty. The raised activity of the fibrinolysis inhibitor retained the effect during three postoperative days. Initial abnormalities in plasma hemostasis enhance blood coagulation dysfunction caused by surgical intervention on the large joints.

[Study of red blood cells of the house sparrow Passes domesticus in hypobaric hypoxia].

Changes of red blood in the house sparrow Passes domesticus L. in hypobaric hypoxia have been established to consist in erythrocytosis and macrocytosis. This provides an increase of blood hemoglobin level and the total respiratory surface area in blood. This reaction is based on erythropoiesis activation in bone marrow and on a decrease of the spleen storing function and inhibition of erythropoiesis in spleen. Unlike mammals, these processes are not accompanied by changes of cell hemoglobin amount and of the hemoglobin isoform ratio.

[A study of mast cell funcntional activity during immobilization stress].

Response of mast cells to stress has a systemic character, being observed in organs both determining development of stress reaction (thymus, bone marrow, adrenals, stomach, duodenum) and not participating in this process (skin, liver). The reaction of mastocytes is manifested as a total degranulation. Mast cell secretion is regulatory by its nature, and biologically active compound are released directly on the target cells. Along with degranulation, which is observed in organs participating in stress reaction formation, migration of mast cells takes place, resulting in their redistribution.

[The blood system and the adaptation of the organism to extreme factors].

Study of hemopoesis under extremal conditions has revealed a range of new mechanisms providing the participation of the blood system in adaptive reactions, such as the reconstruction of the microcirculation bed of hemopoetic tissue; the involvement of large erythrocytes containing acid-resistant hemoglobin fractions; qualitative and quantitative changes in the content of erythroblastic islands, depending on the functional condition of macrophages; gaining of morphogenic properties by macrophages and lymphocytes; increased secretion of glycosaminoglicans, which play the role of local hemopoetic regulators, by mastocytes and adipose cells. The correlation between blood cells and angiogenesis allowed proposing a new method of creating auto prostheses for angioplasty by growing them on plastic basis implanted subcutaneously.

[Effect of immunomodulators on liver regeneration].

The directed influence of immunomodulators on various chains of the immune system makes possible the control over liver restoration processes, as demonstrated on the model of hepatic resection. It is established that macrophages together with T-lymphocytes play a very important role in the process of liver regeneration.

[Experimental validation of the method of autografts creation for arteries].

Experimental studies on rats have demonstrated possibility of connective-tissue grafts formation on polyvinylchloride base introduced subcutaneously. Dynamics of autograft formation is characterized by gradual thinning of wall, regulation of collagen fibers, decreased number of cells with fibrocytes predominance. Autografts in carotid position retain its patency during 3 months, and endotheliocytes appear on their internal surface.

[The functional condition of the immune system and the lymphocytes' hemopoiesis-modulating properties]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie immunnoi sistemy i gemopoézmoduliruiushchie svoistva limfotsitov.

Donor splenocytes and timocytes have an ability to stimulate erythropoesis after massive blood-letting. Changing of functional state of the immune system by means of immune modulators action affects the character and expressiveness of hemopoiesis regulation function of lymphocytes. Splinocytes and thymocytes depress granulocytopoiesis in the recipients' bone marrow after activation by T- and B-lymphocytes. The activation of B-lymphocytes determines the cells' capacity to increase concentration of thrombocytes in the blood. Donor thymocytes can activate erythropoiesis and granulocytopoiesis after macrophages stimulation.

[The blood system and the organism adaptation to extreme factor]. / Sistema krovi i adaptatsiia organizma k ékstremal'nym faktoram.

The formation of blood system adoptive reaction in many cases is defined by the type of action and the condition of hemopoietic inductive microenvironment: hemodynamics of hemopoietic tissue, functional conditions of bone marrow macrophages, mast cells and glycosaminoglycans content. The shift in hemodlobin fraction occurs in extreme conditions requiring an increased gas transport by the blood. In case of tissue lesion, lymphocytes stimulate their regeneration. Morphogenetic function of lymphoid cells may be alerted by immunomodulators. Blood cells participate in angiogenesis, and this property may be used for vessel grafts production.

[Nutrients of natural origin for prevention and treatment of radiation disease in experiment]. / Issledovanie radiozashchitnykh svoistv produktov prirodnogo proiskhozhdeniia pri odnokratnom total'nom obluchenii myshei.

The preventive and medical effect of some nutrients of plant origin suggested as food supplement was studied in mice subjected to acute irradiation. The evidence of increased radioresistance was revealed.

[The role of glycosaminoglycans in the local regulation of hemopoiesis in exposure of the body to extreme factors]. / Rol' glikozaminoglikanov v lokal'noi reguliastii gemopoéza pri vozdeistvii na organizm ékstremal'nykh faktorov.

The authors studied the role of glycosaminoglycans as component of hematopoiesis-inducing microenvironment in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Following injection of preparations of these compounds to experimental animals (male CBA mice), their concentration changed most markedly in the bone marrow and spleen. The effect of acid glycosaminoglycans on the hematopoietic cells is realized through an increase of the concentration of calcium, cAMP, and leads to activation of granulocytopoiesis. It was shown in experiments with heparin that desulfation has no effect on their hematopoietic activity.

[The role of glycosaminoglycans in regulation of medullary hematopoiesis in stress]. / Rol' glikozaminoglikanov v reguliatsii kostnomozgovogo krovetvoreniia pri stresse.

The role of the constituents of hematopoiesis inducing bone marrow microenvironment in myelopoiesis regulation was studied. It was found that during the development of the general adaptation syndrome the functional activity of stroma cells and granulomonocytopoiesis precursor cells intensifies and the content of acid glycosaminoglycans in the bone marrow increases. It is shown that acid glycosaminoglycans produce an effect on the myelokaryocytes in intimate interrelationship with the prostaglandin system, changing the level of intracellular calcium and cAMP in the hematopoietic cells.

[Effect of erythrocyte degradation products on the migration of hematopoietic stem cells in lethally irradiated mice]. / Vliianie produktov raspada éritrotsitov na migratsiiu stvolovykh krovetvornykh kletok u letal'no obluchennykh myshei.

In experiments on CBA mice it was shown that erythrocytes administered at the stage of prehemolysis or the stromal fraction of erythrolysate caused an additional increase in the haemopoietic stem cell migration which had been intensified by hemorrhage or hypoxic hypoxia.

[Effect of benzene on the content and proliferative activity of reticular cells in the hematopoietic organs]. / O vliianii benzola na soderzhanie i proliferativnuiu aktivnost' retikuliarnykh kletok v krovetvornykh organov.

Experiments were conducted on albino rats, CBA mice and rabbits. The experimental benzol poisoning caused insignificant changes in reticular cell proliferation without any changes in the level of these cells in bone marrow and spleen. It was shown also that the level of reticular cells play a certain role in resistance and activity of erythropoiesis and in the production of colonies by stem cells.

[Effect of tissue macrophage destruction products on hematopoietic stem cells]. / O vliianii produktov destruktsii tkanevykh makrofagov na stvolovye krovetvornye kletki.

Products of mouse peritoneal macrophage destruction (PMD) obtained by aseptic freezing-thawing of the cells, repeated thrice, were found to elicit in syngeneic mice injected with PMD intraperitoneally an increase of CFUs count in the hemopoietic bone marrow tissue and the spleen, as demonstrated by the Till and McCullooch technique. This proved to be a true increase since the transplatned stem cell fraction sorbed by the recipient's spleen was relatively lower in donor mice given PMD than in the control. Although PMD caused an increase of both erythropoietic (E) and granulocytopoietic-monocytic (G) colonies number, the E/G ratio was decreased; one of the mechanisms of the described effect could be the influence of PMD on the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment, as the same effects were obtained in mice injected repeatedly with PMD prior to the transplantation of bone marrow tissue of normal donors. Other possible mechanisms of these effects were analyzed, with consideration to the fact that in experiments with preincubation of bone marrow tissue with PMD prior to injection to the lethally irradiated mice no direct stimulating influence of PMD on the stem cell could be revealed.

[Effect of erythrocyte breakdown products on mast cells and erythropoietin formation]. / Vliianie produktov raspada éritrotsitov na stvolonye kletki i obrazovanie éritropoétina.

Experiments were conducted on CBA mice and albino rats. A study was made of the effect of erythrocyte destruction products (EDP) on the content of hemopoietic colony-forming units (CFU), differentiation of stem cells and the erythropoietin production. It was shown that 3 or 4 EDP injections to normal mice or to lethally irradiated (1000 rad) mice after the transplantation of bone marrow cells caused no changes in the CFU level of stem cells differentiation. In case of a daily (for 3 days) administration of EDP to mice before the irradiation (1000 rad) and bone marrow transplantation there was observed an increase of the colonies count in the recipients' spleen on account of the erythroid colonies. EDP injection caused no changes in the erythropoietic activity of the blood serum. A possible role of erythrocyte destruction products in the mechanism of erythropoiesis autoregulation is discussed.