[Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate in the liver of rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis]. / Tsiklicheskii 3',5'-adenozinmonofosfat v pecheni krys s éksperimental'nym revmatoidnym artritom.

Content of cAMP was distinctly decreased in rat liver tissue within the first days of development of experimental rheumatoid arthritis (adjuvant arthritis). Within 6 days the content of cAMP was slightly increased in liver tissue of the arthritic rats but it was lowered 2-fold as compared with controls. The content of cAMP was quite unaltered during subsequent course of the impairment (within 25 days). In blood plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis the content of cAMP was decreased more than 2-fold as compared with its concentration in blood of donors. Possible importance of cAMP deficiency in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.

[Activity of acid hydrolases in rat tissues under experimental arthritis]. / Aktivnost' kislykh gidrolaz v tkaniakh krys pri eksperimental'nom artrite.

The enzymatic activity of acid cathepsins, hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases in blood serum as well as some of these activities in the synovial fluid, liver tissue and spleen were determined in different periods of adjuvant arthritis, in rats. In the first days of arthritis (the acute stage) in rats the activity of hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, and acid cathepsins in blood serum, that of hyaluronidase and acid cathepsins in the synovial fluid as well as of acid cathepsins in the spleen tissues were increased. The found inhibition of the beta-D-glucosidase activity in blood serum, synovial fluid and spleen tissue, alpha-D-glucosidase activity in the liver tissue against a background of activation of acid cathepsins, hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase in blood serum, of acid cathepsins, hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase in the synovial fluid as well as acid cathepsins in the spleen is associated with the further development of the pathological process and characterizes the adjuvant arthritis chronic stage. The alpha-D-glucosidase activity in blood serum is exception, its inhibition is manifested from the third day of arthritis.

[Hydrolytic enzymes of rat tissues with adjuvant arthritis]. / Gidroliticheskie fermenty tkanei krys s adbiuvantnym artritom.

Tissues of rats with adjuvant arthritis manifested differences in activity and distribution between free, latent and membrane-bound forms of acid catepsins, alpha-D- and beta-D-galactosidases, alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases, beta-D-glucorunidase, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulphatases (A+B). Activation of certain hydrolytic enzymes is observed in tissues of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen: a rise in total activity (of arylsulphatase in the liver and acid catepsins in the spleen; hyaluronidase in the kidneys, beta-D-glucuronidase in the heart) and a change in the ratio of different forms with a simultaneous increase in the activity of free form (of hyaluronidase in the spleen, acid phosphatase in the heart and liver). Inhibition of alpha-D-glucosidase in the liver and beta-D-glucosidase in the spleen is also detected. A decrease in the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in the spleen is pronounced in a significant decrease in the activity of each enzyme free form with no changes in the total activity.

[Hydrolytic enzymes in biological fluids and skeletal muscle of rats with adjuvant arthritis]. / Gidroliticheskie fermenty biologicheskikh zhidkostei i skeletnoi myshtsy belykh krys s ad'iuvantnym artritom.

Activities of several hydrolases were studied in blood serum, synovial fluid and musculus femoris of rats with adjuvant arthritis. Alterations in activity of some hydrolases in blood serum were investigated after treatment of animals with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (indometacin, aspirin, bruphene), prednisolone or after the treatment with immunodepressants (imurane, D-penicillamine) and theophylline. Distinct activation of several lysosomal enzymes was observed in rats with arthritis: acidic cathepsins and beta-D-glucuronidase--in all the samples studied; beta-D-galactosidase--in synovial fluid and musculus femoris; hyaluronidase--in synovial fluid and blood serum as well as alpha-D-galactosidase and arylsulfatases (A + B)--in the latter. Activation of these enzymes was accompanied by a decrease in activity of other hydrolases: beta-D-glucosidase, hyaluronidase and alpha-D-galactosidase--in musculus femoris; alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases--in blood serum. In treatment of the impaired rats aspirin was the most effective drug, bruphene was less effective. Only theophylline among the drugs studied activated distinctly alpha-D-glucosidase in blood serum. Combination of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (like aspirin and bruphene) with theophylline was apparently the most suitable way for treatment of arthritis under the experimental conditions.

[Glycosaminoglycans of normal and pathologically altered articular cartilage]. / Glikozaminoglikany normal'nogo i patologicheski izmenennogo sustavnog khriashcha

Glycosaminoglycans of tegmental cartilage of human caput femoris were separated into the fractions, which were identified as keratosulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparitin sulphate, chondroitin-4-sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparin. Content of glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage of healthy persons and patients with deforming arthrosis was determined. Content of sulphatated polysaccharides (dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, keratosulfate and heparitin sulphate) was shown to be distinctly decreased in the cartilage of the patients as compared with the amount of the polysaccharides in the same tissue of healthy persons.