Subject(s)
Corneal Transplantation/methods , Disability Evaluation , Eye Evisceration/methods , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Multiple Trauma , Adult , Anterior Eye Segment/diagnostic imaging , Anterior Eye Segment/injuries , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/rehabilitation , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lens, Crystalline/injuries , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Reoperation , Retina/injuries , Time Factors , Trauma Severity Indices , VitrectomyABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of a long-term comparative study of the infection of Ixodes tick imagoes with the pathogen of tularemia by using the biological assay and antibody neutralization test. The infection rates determined by both methods were found to be identical or close. If there was a difference in the rates in some years, it was not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference could not be found in the infection rates for ticks and in the dependence on their species composition though the level of infection in representatives of one species greatly differed from that in others. The serological study of Ixodes tick imagoes, aimed at determining their infection with a tularemia pathogen, yielded the results which are comparable with those of the biological assay and may be used in epizootological studies without using the biological test or by significantly limiting its use.
Subject(s)
Francisella tularensis/isolation & purification , Ixodidae/microbiology , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Biological Assay , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Francisella tularensis/immunology , Mice , Neutralization Tests , Russia , Species Specificity , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
The organism of arthropods and warm-blooded vertebrates as a habitat of a virus determines the population genetic structure of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strains. The pattern of hybridization by variable zones of TBE genomes gradually changes in the course of intracerebral passages of the virus in newborn white mice. During intracelomal passages in Ixodidae hybridization alters as early as during the first passage, both for variable and (in individual cases) conservative zones. Ixodid ticks should be regarded as a mechanism maintaining the heterogeneity of virus communities (strains and populations). Vertebrates and communities of dugout arthropods appear to be the mechanism reducing the effect of ecologic isolation of TBE strains.
