[Founder of medical dynasty Iakov Alekseevich Chistovich].

Biography of one of the former chefs of the Medico-surgical academy professor Yakov Alekseevich Chistovich is given in this article. Ya.A. Chistovich--famous medicolegist, hygienist, historian of medicine--left not only rich medical-research heritage but also became the founder of great medical dynasty. In Yakov Alekseevich's steps treaded 3 his sons, grandsons and a few generations of descendants.

[Chistovich Yakov Alekseevich: portrait without uniform].

The article presents not well-known data about genesis, family status and private life of a famous Russian historian of medicine, judicial physician and hygienist of the XIX century Chistovich Yakov Alekseevich. He was the leader of Saint-Petersburg Medical-surgical academy in 1871-1875. There was lighted a civil activity of Chistovich Ya.A. on the post of the chief of Supportive medical cash and chief of Collective of Russian physicians in S.-Petersburg.

[Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov: at the beginning (to the 220th anniversary of the greatest surgeon and anatomist birth)].

The article is concern with years of youth of the greatest Russian surgeon and anatomist Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, his education in Moscow and Derpt University. Formation of N.I. Pirogov as a surgeon of a new type following by the deepest anatomical knowledge is showed. There is a supposition that with the departure from Derpt to Saint-Petersburg Pirogov's initial phase of work ended and began his new, mature period of work.

[Burdenko N.N. main military-and-clinical hospital in military-and-medical museum funds].

Burdenko N.N. Main military-and-clinical hospital fund in Military-and-medical museum the Russian Federation's Ministry of defense amounts to over 300 units of keeping - written and material sources, photodocuments in connection with the first Russian state medical and educational organization's activity.

[Role of monocytes-macrophages in atherogenesis]. / Rol' monotsitov-makrofagov v aterogeneze.

The study of the coronary arteries atherogenesis with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy was performed on the material of emergency necropsies of 45 patients who suffered the primary cardiovascular pathology. The transformation of macrophages into the foamy cells were studied in vitro with the use of peritoneal mouse macrophages and modified LDL labelled with colloidal gold as well as a method of phase-contrast cinemicrography. Two types of macrophages were distinguished ultrastructurally: scavenger-macrophages participating in the phagocytosis of lipoproteins and transforming into the foamy cells and secreting macrophages determining vascular wall homeostasis and ensuring the T-lymphocyte inclusion into the immune reactions and the contact with target cells. Balanced cell kinetics and cytokine secretion at early stages of atherosclerosis determine whether the lipid spot would regress or would transform into the atherosclerotic plaque.

[Controversial problems in the nosology of atherosclerosis]. / Diskussionnye voprosy nozologii ateroskleroza.

Atherogenic dislipoproteinemia and the disturbances of vascular permeability are considered to be the main etiologic factors of atherosclerosis according to the current concept of the pathogenesis of this disease. The authors suggest that the following nozological forms of atherosclerosis should be distinguished (basing on relevant morphological features): classical (Anichkow-Khalatov disease), autoimmune, genetically predetermined, and symptomatic secondary atherosclerosis. Each form has its special leading pathogenetic link and particular morphologic development. This requires a differential approach to the choice of treatment and prevention in each individual case of atherosclerosis.

[Role of the monocytes and IgG in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of rabbits]. / Rol' monotsitov krovi i IgG v razvitii ateroskleroticheskikh porazhenii aorty u krolikov.

In experimental hypercholesterinemia in rabbits, immune autoradiographic studies showed that lesions in the endothelial monolayer of the aorta developed in parallel with IgG deposition in the cytoplasm of the affected endothelial cells and in different parts of atherosclerotic plaques. This process was accompanied by active replacement of blood monocytes into the internal sheath of the aorta in the zone of IgG deposition which appeared to be due to the presence in these cells of Fc-receptors for immunoglobulins. Incomplete catabolism of lipids in the cytoplasm of macrophages of monocytic genesis is one of the key events of atherosclerosis morphogenesis.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of collagen formation by the smooth muscle cells of the aorta in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis]. / Ul'trastruktural'nye osobennosti obrazovaniia kollagena gladkomyshechnymi kletkami aorty pri eksperimental'nom ateroskleroze u krolikov.

The development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits is accompanied by infiltration into the aorta intima of low density lipoproteins and marked proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The activated smooth muscle cells take part in desmoplastic reactions being the main source of collagen synthesized in atherosclerotic plaques. Outgrowth of the connective tissue in the zone of the elastic membrane fenestration leads to disturbance of the outflow of plasma components and causes edema of the intima. It is assumed that an atherosclerotically altered vascular wall may synthesize collagen with abnormal antigenic structure acquiring autoantigenic properties.

[Effect of hydrocortisone on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits]. / Vliianie gidrokortizona na razvitie éksperimental'nogo ateroskleroza u krolikov.

The role of the immunocompetent system in the development of experimental atherosclerosis was studied in experiments with 51 rabbits given hydrocortisone injections. Hydrocortisone produced atrophy of T and B systems of the lymph nodes and spleen. Under these conditions the experimental sclerosis developed little regardless high lipid blood level. This circumstance provides one more argument of the role played by the immunologic factors in the formation and development of atherosclerosis.

[Immunomorphological study of the structural proteins of the aortic wall in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits]. / Immunomorfologicheskoe izuchenie strukturnykh belkov stenki aorty pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze u krolikov.

Destruction of elastic and collagenous fibers in lipid spots and atherosclerotic plaques in rabbit experimental atherosclerosis is associated with exposure of previously latent antigenous determinants of structural arterial proteins and appearance of circulating antibodies to collagen, elastin and structural glycoproteins. By the 4th month of the experiment there is an abrupt decrease in the titres of the above antibodies fixed to degeneratively altered fibrous structures of the aortal wall. Sedimentation of circulatory antivascular antibodies is associated with the enhanced destruction of collagenous and elastic fibers, with proliferation of the connective tissue and dramatic progress of the atherosclerotic process.

[Isolation of immune serums against antigens of the aorta for immunomorphological study of experimental atherosclerosis]. / Poluchenie immunnykh syvorotok protiv antigenov aorty dlia immunomorfologicheskogo izucheniia éksperi me-tal'nogo ateroskleroza

A possibility is shown of obtaining sufficiently pure antigens (collagen, elastin, structural grycoproteids), with the help of a preparative chemical method, from the wall of aortas of rabbits, both healthy and "diseased", i.e. with atherosclerosis. Immunomorphological analysis showed that the immune sera obtained against antigens indicated above reacted only with structures of the affected vessels, no interaction with the wall of normal aortas being noted.