ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Under inflammatory conditions with strong oxidative stresses, advanced glycation end-products (AGE), carbonyl compounds, are produced. The concentration of pentosidine, an AGE, reportedly correlates with complications of diabetes mellitus and worsening of rheumatoid arthritis, but its role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is unclear. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against pentosidine, and 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine. The urinary concentration of pentosidine was also quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: Pentosidine expression was up-regulated in the inflamed tissue of IBD. The expression of both pentosidine and 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine was similar and increased in the inflamed epithelium and infiltrating cells (neutrophils and lymphocytes). The urinary concentration of pentosidine in active ulcerative colitis was significantly greater than that in inactive ulcerative colitis (0.12+/-0.15 vs 0.021+/-0.011 microg/mg of Cr, P<0.05), and was greater in active Crohn's disease than in inactive Crohn's disease (0.071+/-0.086 vs 0.039+/-0.023 microg/mg of Cr). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary pentosidine level correlated with the activity of ulcerative colitis and may be a marker for disease activity in ulcerative colitis.
Subject(s)
Arginine/analogs & derivatives , Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism , Colon/chemistry , Crohn Disease/metabolism , Glycation End Products, Advanced/analysis , Lysine/analogs & derivatives , 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine , Adult , Arginine/analysis , Arginine/urine , Colitis, Ulcerative/urine , Crohn Disease/urine , Deoxyguanosine/analogs & derivatives , Deoxyguanosine/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epithelial Cells/chemistry , Female , Glycation End Products, Advanced/urine , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphocytes/chemistry , Lysine/analysis , Lysine/urine , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/chemistry , Severity of Illness Index , Up-Regulation , Young AdultABSTRACT
Nociceptin/orphanin (Noc/oFQ), endogenous agonist for nociceptin receptor (NOR), is thought to be a stimulator of neurogenic inflammation. We investigated the possible role of Noc/oFQ in the development of colitis using NOR-deficient mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Colitis was significantly improved in NOR-deficient mice against wild-type mice. Expression level of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and infiltrating cells also significantly decreased in NOR-deficient mice against wild-type mice. Nociceptin expression increased in wild-type mice after DSS treatment. These results suggest stimulation by Noc/oFQ deteriorates colonic inflammation via up-regulation of adhesion molecule.
Subject(s)
Colitis/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Opioid Peptides/physiology , Animals , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Body Weight/physiology , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cell Count/methods , Colitis/chemically induced , Colitis/genetics , Colitis/pathology , Colon/pathology , Dextran Sulfate , Female , Gastric Mucosa/cytology , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation/genetics , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Integrin beta Chains/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Mucoproteins , Opioid Peptides/deficiency , Staining and Labeling/methods , Time Factors , NociceptinSubject(s)
Colonic Neoplasms/etiology , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology , Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Procarbazine/administration & dosage , Radiotherapy Dosage , Remission Induction , Vincristine/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Iron/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Bicarbonates/metabolism , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/blood supply , Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism , Humans , Oxidative Stress , Oxygen Consumption , Stomach Diseases/etiology , Stomach Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear, but abnormal infiltration of T lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa has been implicated in the mucosal tissue damage. The abnormal cytokine production because of a T helper (h)1/Th2 imbalance may play an important role in continuing inflammation in the colonic mucosa. In the present study, the expression of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) as a Th1 marker and a chemoattractant receptor-homologs molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) were investigated in order to analyze impaired Th1/Th2 responses in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained by colonic biopsies from patients with UC or colonic polyps, with informed consent. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on periodate, lysine-paraformaldehyde-fixed serial cryostat sections using the labeled streptavidin biotin method. Monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CCR5 or CRTH2 were used as primary antibodies. The number of cells expressing CD4, CCR5 or CRTH2 per unit area was calculated by using an image analyzer. RESULTS: In the patients with UC, the numbers of CD4- and CCR5-positive cells were significantly increased in inflamed mucosa, and appeared to be correlated with the disease activity. The infiltration of CRTH2-positive cells was predominantly observed in the mildly inflamed or the margin of inflamed mucosa of UC patients. CONCLUSION: There is a possibility that Th1 responses significantly occur in colonic mucosa with severe inflammation, while Th2 responses mainly occur with mild inflammation in UC patients. The Th1/Th2 imbalance in colonic mucosa may be related to the disease progression of UC.
