Spread asymmetry to differentiate nasopalatine duct cysts from radicular cysts arising in the anterior maxilla on computed tomographic images.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify numerical values for differentiating nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) from radicular cysts (RCs) arising in the anterior maxilla on computed tomography (CT) or cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. METHODS: CT or CBCT images of histologically proven NPDCs (n = 30) and RCs (n = 33) beyond the midline of the maxilla were investigated to determine two asymmetry indices on axial images of the maximum lesion area. The lateral asymmetry index was calculated based on two distances from each of the lateral ends of the lesion to the midsagittal plane. The index was defined as the difference between the two distances divided by their sum. The labio-palatal asymmetry index was determined by the distance between the labial and palatal ends of the lesion and the coronal plane passing through the central incisor root apex. The performance of these indices was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The cutoff values for differentiating NPDCs from RCs were determined with the Youden procedure on the ROC curve. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve was 0.97 for the lateral asymmetry index and 0.88 for the labio-palatal asymmetry index. The cutoff values for differentiation were 0.36 and 0.68 for the lateral and labio-palatal asymmetry indices, respectively. CONCLUSION: The lateral asymmetry index appeared to be an effective reference for differentiating NPDCs from RCs on CT or CBCT images. When the index was less than the cutoff value, a diagnosis of NPDC was strongly suggested.

[Mechanism of interaction between risperidone and tea catechin (2) influence of presence of galloyl group in catechin on insoluble complex formation with risperidone].

The influence of the presence of a galloyl group in catechin on complexation with risperidone (RISP) was examined using (--)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and (--)-epigallocatechin (EGC), which are present in green tea as tea catechins. By quantitative analysis using HPLC, it was found that EGCg formed an insoluble complex with RISP for concentration dependence, whereas EGC did not. The large contribution of the galloyl group of catechin to form an insoluble complex with RISP was recognized in this study. In a molecular modeling study, it was found that the EGCg-R complex (EGCg with RISP) formed three hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of EGCg and the two N atoms and an O atom of RISP. The hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the galloyl ring in EGCg and the N atom of the piperidine ring in RISP stabilized EGCg-R more energetically. The EGC-R complex (EGC with RISP) also formed three hydrogen bonds, but the N atom of the piperidine ring in RISP did not participate in hydrogen bond formation. According to the calculation using the COSMO-RS method, the water solubility of the EGCg-R complex was 1/26 that of the EGC-R complex. Therefore, the EGCg-R complex was difficult to dissolve in water. In the (1)H-NMR spectra of RISP in DMSO-d(6), although chemical shifts of protons near the N atom on the piperidine ring moved downfield on the addition of EGCg, no change in chemical shifts of these protons was observed on the addition of EGC. Therefore, based on these results, the galloyl group of EGCg contributes to the formation of an insoluble complex between tea catechin and RISP, and this insoluble complex is stabilized by the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the galloyl ring in EGCg and the N atom of the piperidine ring in RISP.

[Mechanism of interaction between risperidone and tea catechin(1)complex formation of risperidone with epigallocatechin gallate].

The mechanism of complexation between risperidone (RISP) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) was clarified by ¹H-NMR and molecular modeling studies. RISP and EGCg formed an insoluble complex with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry in aqueous solution. In the ¹H-NMR spectra of RISP in DMSO-d6, the chemical shifts of protons neighboring the N atom on the piperizine ring clearly moved downfield upon formation of the complex. In the molecular modeling study, the ¹H-chemical shifts for nine optimized structures of the complex were calculated to compare them with those of the experimental results. Only one conformer with the second minimum energy for the complex supported the downfield shifts of RISP protons. It was found from the structure of the complex that the two hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups of the galloyl ring in EGCg and N atoms in RISP, one of which was on the piperizine ring, were formed to stabilize the complex.

Antiproliferative constituents from umbelliferae plants. IX. New triterpenoid glycosides from the fruits of Bupleurum rotundifolium.

The MeOH extract of the fruits of Bupleurum rotundifolium showed inhibitory activity against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1) cell growth. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract led to the isolation of four new triglycosides of 13beta,28-epoxy oleanane-type triterpenes, named rotundiosides O, Q, S and T; 12 new glycosides of oleanane-type triterpenes, named rotundiosides J-N, P, R, U-Y, and others; echinocystic acid 3-O-sulfate; and three known oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, rotundiosides A, F and G. The structures of the new isolates were determined based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The GI(50) of isolates against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cell lines are reported.

Synthesis and DNA strand breakage activity of some 1,4-diazepines.

Reactions of 1,3-propanediamine with alpha-dicarbonyl compounds (1a-e) were examined and various condensed heterocyclic compounds such as 1,4-diazepines (2) and 3-pyrimidine derivatives (3) were obtained. Some of 1,4-diazepines (2) showed DNA strand breakage activity.

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by flavonoid derivatives in adriamycin-resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/ADM) cells.

We investigated the effects of natural flavones, quercetin and morin, and their pentamethyl, pentaethyl, pentapropyl, pentabutyl and pentaallyl ethers, on the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) assessed by an increase in the uptake of [3H]vincristine by human myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells and adriamycin-resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/ADM) cells. Pentamethyl, pentaethyl, pentapropyl and pentaallyl ethers of morin and quercetin (20 microM) all increased the uptake of [3H]vincristine by K562/ADM cells, while quercetin, morin and their pentabutyl ethers had no effect. Pentamethylquercetin, pentaallylquercetin and pentaethylmorin remarkably increased the uptake of [3H]vincristine by K562/ADM cells by 10.6, 10.8 and 14.4-fold, respectively. These inhibitory potencies for P-gp were more potent than typical P-gp inhibitors, cyclosporine A and verapamil. Taking into consideration that these flavonoid derivatives possess antitumor promoter activity, they may become candidates of effective multidrug resistance-reversing agents in cancer chemotherapy.