ABSTRACT
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication in children who receive chemotherapy for cancer. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the continuous versus intermittent infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) in febrile neutropenic pediatric patients. Methods: This is a non-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Eligible group consisted of hemato-oncological patients with FN who were candidates to receive TZP. Patients were randomized to one of two groups: Group 1 received antibiotic treatment through intravenous intermittent infusion of TZP 300 mg/kg/day based on piperacillin, divided into four doses, not exceeding 16 g/day; Group 2 received an initial TZP loading dose of 75 mg/kg infusion over 30 min, and then a continuous infusion of TZP 300 mg/kg/day through central line with pump over 24 h. Results: There were 176 episodes that could be assessed, 100 in Group 1 and 76 in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in treatment failure in the experimental group (continuous infusion) compared with the intermittent group, 21% versus 13% (p = 0.15). The increase in the absolute risk reduction was 0.08% (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.30), and the number needed to treat was 12.4. One patient in each group died. Conclusions: There were no differences in fever resolution, clinical cure rate, or mortality when comparing the continuous with the intermittent TZP infusion.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Febrile Neutropenia/drug therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Infant , Infusions, Intravenous , MaleABSTRACT
Abstract Background Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication in children who receive chemotherapy for cancer. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the continuous versus intermittent infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) in febrile neutropenic pediatric patients. Methods This is a non-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Eligible group consisted of hemato-oncological patients with FN who were candidates to receive TZP. Patients were randomized to one of two groups: Group 1 received antibiotic treatment through intravenous intermittent infusion of TZP 300 mg/kg/day based on piperacillin, divided into four doses, not exceeding 16 g/day; Group 2 received an initial TZP loading dose of 75 mg/kg infusion over 30 min, and then a continuous infusion of TZP 300 mg/kg/day through central line with pump over 24 h. Results There were 176 episodes that could be assessed, 100 in Group 1 and 76 in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in treatment failure in the experimental group (continuous infusion) compared with the intermittent group, 21% versus 13% (p = 0.15). The increase in the absolute risk reduction was 0.08% (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.30), and the number needed to treat was 12.4. One patient in each group died. Conclusions There were no differences in fever resolution, clinical cure rate, or mortality when comparing the continuous with the intermittent TZP infusion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Febrile Neutropenia/drug therapy , Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Infusions, Intravenous , Drug Administration Schedule , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The studies that describe risk factors for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in newborn infants report dissimilar information, possibly related to the type of intensive care unit and population included. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of VAP in a neonatal intensive-care unit. METHODS: Case-control study. Patients with the diagnosis of VAP were classified as cases and compared with two controls of the same gestational age, weight, and diagnosis at admission. We analysed the data using descriptive and inferential statistics: chi-squared test, Student's t-test, odds-ratio, 95 % confidence interval and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 45 cases and 90 controls were analysed. The risk factors statistically significant in the univariate analysis were: previous episode of sepsis, reintubation, airway malformation, exclusive parenteral nutrition, and days of mechanical ventilation. In the logistic regression analysis we obtained these data: reintubation (OR 41.26, CI 95 % 11.9-158.4, p = 0.001), airway malformation (OR 19.5, CI 95 % 1.34-282.3, p = 0.029), and days of mechanical ventilation (OR 8.9, CI 95 % 1.9-40.8, p = 0.005). These were the only risk factors independently associated to VAP. CONCLUSION: Of the significant risk factors, it is possible to intervene in reintubation events, by securing the endotracheal cannula with an adequate fixation, mobilize the patient ensuring safety, and follow a decannulation protocol to reduce ventilation days.
Introducción: los estudios que describen factores de riesgo para neumonía asociada a ventilador (NAV) en recién nacidos difieren con relación al tipo de unidad hospitalaria y la población incluida. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo para desarrollar NAV en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Métodos: Diseño de casos y controles. Se incluyeron pacientes que desarrollaron NAV (casos) para comparar los factores de riesgo y se seleccionaron dos controles por caso con misma edad gestacional, peso y diagnóstico de ingreso similar. Se hizo un análisis de estadística descriptiva e inferencial: prueba de chi-cuadrada, t de Student, razón de momios (RM), intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95 % y análisis multivariado de regresión logística. Resultados: se incluyeron 45 casos y 90 controles. Los factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos en el análisis univariado fueron: sepsis previa, reitubación, malformación de la vía aérea, alimentación parenteral exclusiva y días de ventilación mecánica. En el análisis multivariado: reintubación (RM 41.26, IC 95 % 11.9-158.4, p = 0.001), malformación de la vía aérea (RM 19.5, IC 95 % 1.34-282.3, p = 0.029) y días de ventilación (RM 8.9, IC 95 % 1.9-40.8, p = 0.005). Conclusión: de los factores de riesgo encontrados se puede incidir en los eventos de reintubación si se asegura una fijación adecuada de la cánula, se extreman cuidados al movilizar al paciente y se evalúa diariamente a este para disminuir los días de ventilación.
