[Diet survey and evaluation of ingested nutrients in a group of HIV patients]. / Encuesta dietética y valoración de los nutrientes ingeridos en un grupo de pacientes VIH.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between nutritional status, immunological condition, clinical progress and food consumption in a group of patients infected with HIV. METHOD: Longitudinal descriptive study of 30 HIV/AIDS patients. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height, skin folds, upper arm circumference). The intake of nutrients was calculated using a one-week dietary record. RESULTS: The mean amount of energy intake is 2,791 kcal with a 13.48% of protein, 40.12% of carbohydrates and 45.89% of lipids. The group of patients with weight loss presented a significantly greater proportion of proteins than group with normal weight. Patients with Kwashiorkor-like malnutrition presented an intake of proteins which was significantly lower than the group of well-nourished patients. The group of those whose nutritional status improved presented a significantly higher mean percentage of proteins in the diet than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of the energy intake by patients is higher than that recommended. The diets show an excessive consumption of fats and a shortage of carbohydrates and proteins. Deficits are observed in vitamin B6 and vitamin E, magnesium and zinc. The increase in intake, by itself, does not improve the health status of the patients, indicating the need to provide them with the necessary dietary supplements from the early stages of their condition.

Encuesta dietética y valoración de los nutrientes ingeridos en un grupo de pacientes VIH / Dietary survey and assessment of nutrient intake in a group of HIV patients

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación existente entre el estado nutricional, inmunológico, evolución clínica y consumo de alimentos de un grupo de pacientes infectados por el VIH. Método: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal de 30 pacientes VIH/sida. Valoración antropométrica (peso, talla, pliegues cutáneos, circunferencia del brazo). La ingesta de nutrientes fue calculada usando una historia dietética de una semana. Resultados: La cantidad media de energía ingerida es de 2.791 kcal: 13,48 por ciento de proteínas, 40,12 por ciento de hidratos de carbono y 45,89 por ciento de lípidos. El grupo de pacientes con pérdida de peso presentó un aporte de proteínas significativamente superior al grupo con peso normal. Los pacientes con desnutrición tipo Kwashior presentaron una ingesta de proteínas significativamente inferior al grupo de pacientes bien nutridos. El grupo de pacientes que mejora su estado nutricional presenta un porcentaje medio de proteínas en la dieta significativamente superior a los otros grupos. Conclusiones: La cantidad de energía ingerida por los pacientes es superior a la recomendada. Existe un exceso del consumo de grasas en la dieta, un déficit de hidratos de carbono y de proteínas. Se observa déficit de vitamina B6 y E, magnesio y cinc. El aumento de la ingesta, por sí sólo, no mejora el estado de salud de los pacientes, lo que indica la necesidad de aportarles los suplementos dietéticos necesarios desde fases tempranas de la enfermedad (AU)

Objective: To study the relationship between nutritional status, immunological condition, clinical progress and food consumption in a group of patients infected with HIV. Method: Longitudinal descriptive study of 30 HIV/AIDS patients. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height, skin folds, upper arm circumference). The intake of nutrients was calculated using a one-week dietary record. Results: The mean amount of energy intake is 2,791 kcal with a 13.48% of protein, 40.12% of carbohydrates and 45.89% of lipids. The group of patients with weight loss presented a significantly greater proportion of proteins than the group with normal weight. Patients with Kwashiorkor- like malnutrition presented an intake of proteins which was significantly lower than the group of well-nourished patients. The group of those whose nutritional status improved presented a significantly higher mean percentage of proteins in the diet than the other groups. Conclusions: The amount of the energy intake by patients is higher than that recommended. The diets show an excessive consumption of fats and a shortage of carbohydrates and proteins. Deficits are observed in vitamin B6 and vitamin E, magnesium and zinc. The increase in intake, by itself, does not improve the health status of the patients, indicating the need to provide them with the necessary dietary supplements from the early stages of their condition (AU)