Blastocystis hominis -Associated Acute Appendicular Peritonitis in a 9-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Although Blastocystis sp. has been classically considered a commensal parasite with limited pathogenicity, recent studies suggest that its pathogenic potential is high. We report the case of a 9-year-old Spanish male who presented with peritonitis secondary to acute appendicitis with abundant intra-abdominal turbid-free fluid. A standard appendectomy was performed, and a sample of the fluid was taken for microbiological culture. Multimicrobial flora was isolated in peritoneal fluid culture. The antibiotic resistance study showed that all the microorganisms were sensitive to meropenem. On the 5th postoperative day, a control blood test showed relative eosinophilia and a persistently elevated C-reactive protein. A stool parasitological study showed abundant cysts morphologically compatible with Blastocystis hominis . The hematoxylin & eosin and Giemsa study identified abundant parasitic cysts in the appendix. The patient evolved favorably and is currently asymptomatic and under follow-up. Regarding acute appendicitis, there is only one report in the literature of peritonitis of appendiceal origin associated with Blastocystis sp. In conclusion, although infrequent, parasitosis should be considered as a potential etiological agent of acute appendicitis, even in nonendemic areas. Relative eosinophilia or persistently elevated acute phase reactants despite adequate antibiotic coverage should help to establish diagnostic suspicion.

Aggressive curettage of a chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma of the proximal end of the tibia. A case report with seven-year follow-up.

A chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma (CLO) in the proximal epiphysis and metaphysis of the tibia in a 30-year-old male is presented. With a wrong diagnosis of chondroblastoma, an aggressive curettage was performed. Later, the patient refused en-bloc resection. Seven years after surgery, there has been no local recurrence, and the patient is living an ordinary and active life. CLO is a very uncommon and controversial histologic subtype of osteosarcoma that can be misdiagnosed as chondroblastoma and therefore incorrectly treated. However, aggressive curettage with its functional advantages could be a reasonable option in selected cases.

Bone marrow fibrosis in myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective evaluation including mutational analysis.

The biological and molecular events that underlie bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes are poorly understood, and its prognostic role in the era of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) is not yet fully determined. We have evaluated the clinical and biological events that underlie bone marrow fibrotic changes, as well as its prognostic role, in a well-characterized prospective patient cohort (n=77) of primary MDS patients. The degree of marrow fibrosis was linked to parameters of erythropoietic failure, marrow cellularity, p53 protein accumulation, WT1 gene expression, and serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10, but not to other covariates including the IPSS-R score. The presence of bone marrow fibrosis grade 2 or higher was associated with the presence of mutations in cohesin complex genes (31.5% vs. 5.4%, p=0.006). By contrast, mutations in CALR, JAK2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB,and TP53 were very rare. Survival analysis showed that marrow fibrosis grade 2 or higher was a relevant significant predictor for of overall survival, and independent of age, performance status, and IPSS-R score in multivariate analysis.

Embolismos de cholesterol en el tracto urinario inferior como manifestación clínica de la enfermedad ateroembólica. Descripción de tres casos, uno de ellos simulando una neoplasia / Cholesterol embolism of the upper urinary tract as a clinical feature of atherosclerotic embolic vascular disease. Report of three cases, one of them simulating neoplasia

OBJETIVO: Presentar tres casos de enfermedadateroembólica con debut clínico en tracto urinarioinferior. Esta enfermedad es infrecuente, afectandosobre todo piel, riñón y músculo esquelético. Otrosórganos del tracto urinario son raramente afectados yde forma extraordinaria como debut de la enfermedad,sin afectación previa conocida de otras localizaciones.MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: El primer paciente presentabaun episodio de hematuria asociado con una imagenecográfica y cistoscópica sospechosa de neoplasia.En los fragmentos de resección transuretral la lesióncorrespondía a una cistitis polipoide con algunas arteriasde pequeño tamaño ocupadas por agujas decolesterol, asociado con inflamación, ulceración y extravasación hemática. Al segundo paciente se le realizóuna cistoprostatectomía por un carcinoma urotelial,encontrándose incidentalmente numerosos émbolos decolesterol principalmente en lámina propia, pero tambiénen otras capas de la pared vesical, próstata, uretraen el verumontanum y una vesícula seminal, estasdos últimas localizaciones no descritas en publicacionesanteriores. En el tercer paciente el émbolo seencontró en un cilindro de biopsia prostática.CONCLUSIONES: Esta enfermedad poco frecuentepuede debutar como un proceso vesical o prostático yser diagnosticado por medio de biopsia de estos órganos.Puede simular una neoplasia vesical en ecografíao cistoscopia y debería ser incluida entre las entidadesrelacionadas o causantes de cistitis polipoide, un conocidosimulador de neoplasia

OBJECTIVES: To report three cases of ;;atherosclerotic embolic vascular disease with clinical ;;presentation in the lower urinary tract. This disease is not ;;frequent; it mainly affects the skin, kidneys and skeletal ;;muscle. Other organs of the urinary tract are rarely ;;affected and they are exceptionally the clinical site of ;;debut without previous known involvement of other ;;areas. METHODS/RESULTS: The first patient presented with ;;hematuria associated with an ultrasound/cystoscopical ;;image suspicion for neoplasia. Pathologic report of the ;;transurethral resection chips showed polypoid cystitis ;;with some small size arteries occupied by cholesterol ;;needles, associated with inflammation, ulcers and ;;hematic extravasation. The second patient underwent ;;cystoprostatectomy for a transitional cell carcinoma ;;and, incidentally, numerous cholesterol emboli were ;;found, mainly in the lamina propria, but also in other ;;layers of the bladder wall, prostate, urethra, veru ;;montanum, and one seminal vesicle; this two latter sites ;;have not being reported in previous publications. The ;;third patient showed the embolus within a prostate ;;biopsy core. ;;CONCLUSIONS: This unfrequent disease may present ;;as a bladder or prostatic process and be diagnosed by ;;biopsy of these organs. It may simulate a bladder neoplasia ;;on ultrasound or cystoscopy and should be included ;;among related or etiologic entities of polypoid cystitis, ;;a well-known simulator of neoplasia

[Penile silicone granuloma]. / Granuloma de silicona en el pene "siliconoma".

OBJECTIVES: To report our experience with one case of penile silicone granuloma, that has clinical interest for its unfrequent presentation. METHODS/RESULTS: We report the case of a patient with sexual dysfunction secondary to subcutaneous injection of liquid silicone in the penis resulting in a penile granuloma and migration of the particles to the penile root and midline scrotal raphe. We proceeded to the surgical excision of the granuloma and migrated particles, repairing the penile defect with scrotal skin. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous injection of liquid silicone is a practice that does not have any justification because of its devastating effects and requires major perations for the elimination of the injected material.

Granuloma de silicona en el pene "siliconoma" / Penile silicone granuloma

OBJETIVO: Mostrar la experiencia adquiridacon un caso de “siliconoma” peneano, de interés clínicopor su infrecuente presentación.METODO /RESULTADOS: Presentamos el caso de unpaciente con alteración de la función sexual secundaria ala inyección subcutánea de silicona líquida en el pene,dando lugar a la formación de un granuloma “siliconoma”peneano y a la migración de partículas del compuesto araíz de pene y a rafe medio escrotal. Se procedió a laextirpación quirúrgica del “siliconoma “ peneano y de laspartículas migradas reparando el defecto peneano conpiel escrotal.CONCLUSIONES: La inyección subcutánea de siliconalíquida es una práctica no justificada que produce efectosdevastadores y requiere cirugías importantes para la eliminacióndel material inyectado

OBJECTIVES: To report our experience with ;;one case of penile silicone granuloma, that has clinical ;;interest for its unfrequent presentation. ;;METHODS/RESULTS: We report the case of a patient with ;;sexual dysfunction secondary to subcutaneous injection of ;;liquid silicone in the penis resulting in a penile granuloma ;;and migration of the particles to the penile root and midline ;;scrotal raphe. We proceeded to the surgical excision of ;;the granuloma and migrated particles, repairing the penile ;;defect with scrotal skin. ;;CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous injection of liquid silicone ;;is a practice that does not have any justification because ;;of its devastating effects and requires major perations for ;;the elimination of the injected material

[Cholesterol embolism of the upper urinary tract as a clinical feature of atherosclerotic embolic vascular disease. Report of three cases, one of them simulating neoplasia]. / Embolismos de colesterol en el tracto urinario inferior como manifestacion clinica de la enfermedad ateroembólica. descripción de tres casos, uno de ellos simulando una neoplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To report three cases of atherosclerotic embolic vascular disease with clinical presentation in the lower urinary tract. This disease is not frequent; it mainly affects the skin, kidneys and skeletal muscle. Other organs of the urinary tract are rarely affected and they are exceptionally the clinical site of debut without previous known involvement of other areas. METHODS/RESULTS: The first patient presented with hematuria associated with an ultrasound/cystoscopical image suspicion for neoplasia. Pathologic report of the transurethral resection chips showed polypoid cystitis with some small size arteries occupied by cholesterol needles, associated with inflammation, ulcers and hematic extravasation. The second patient underwent cystoprostatectomy for a transitional cell carcinoma and, incidentally, numerous cholesterol emboli were found, mainly in the lamina propria, but also in other layers of the bladder wall, prostate, urethra, veru montanum, and one seminal vesicle; this two latter sites have not being reported in previous publications. The third patient showed the embolus within a prostate biopsy core. CONCLUSIONS: This unfrequent disease may present as a bladder or prostatic process and be diagnosed by biopsy of these organs. It may simulate a bladder neoplasia on ultrasound or cystoscopy and should be included among related or etiologic entities of polypoid cystitis, a well-known simulator of neoplasia.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the bladder: three cases with clinicopathological and p53 protein expression study.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the bladder is an uncommon neoplasm, of which 49 cases have been described in the English literature, none of which has been studied for p53 protein expression. We studied three muscle-infiltrating cases of this tumor using immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The three cases were positive for epithelial markers and negative for lymphoid antigens in the tumoral syncytial areas. The intensive infiltrate of small cells was negative for epithelial and positive for lymphoid markers. This population was mainly made up of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, positive for TIA-1. p53 protein was intensely positive in more than 90% of the epithelial component nuclei, being negative in the lymphoid cells. PCR study did not show mutations on p53. Both lymphocytes and epithelium were negative for Epstein-Barr virus markers, such as the latent membrane protein and EBER (Epstein-Barr-encoded RNA). The prognosis was very good after radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, preserving the bladder despite the muscle infiltration. The presence of an intense cytotoxic T-lymphocyte population may be related to this good prognosis. Both aspects, p53 protein status and T-lymphoid population, had never been studied before in bladder lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

[The role of inguinal lymphadenectomy in epidermoid carcinoma of the penis. Use of Ligasure and analysis of the results]. / El papel de la linfadenectomía inguinal en el carcinoma epidermoide de pene. Empleo de Ligasure y análisis de resultados.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the morbidity of conventional inguinal lymphadenectomy for epidermoid carcinoma of the penis using ligation versus ultrasonic sealing of the lymph nodes with Ligasure. METHODS: 29 cases of carcinoma of the penis are analyzed; 8 underwent superficial and deep inguinal lymphadenectomy using the conventional procedure for ligation of lymph nodes (4 cases) and ultrasonic ligation with Ligasure (4 cases). The early and late complications are analyzed. RESULTS: The operating time was found to be significantly shorter in patients treated with Ligasure, no lymphoceles were observed and lymphedema was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Ligasure for sealing the lymphatic vessels in inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis appears to have the advantages of a shorter operating time and reduced complications in comparison with conventional ligation.

El papel de la linfadenectomía inguinal en el carcinoma epidermoide de pene. Empleo de Ligasure(TM) y análisis de resultados / Role of inguinal lymphadenectomy in epidermoid carcinoma of penis. Use of Ligasure TM and analysis of results

Objetivos: Comparar resultados, en cuanto a la morbilidad del sistema convencional de linfadenectomía inguinal en el carcinoma epidermoide de pene, utilizando ligaduras frente a la utilización del sellado ultrasónico de linfáticos con Ligasure(TM).Método: Se analizan 28 carcinomas de pene, de los que 8 fueron sometidos a linfadenectomía inguinal superficial y profunda. Realizándose 4 de ellas con el sistema convencional de ligaduras de linfáticos y 4 con el sistema de sellado ultrasónico de vasos (Ligasure(TM)). Se analizan resultados inmediatos y tardíos de las complicaciones. Resultados: Se apreció una reducción importante de tiempo operatorio en el grupo en el que se utilizó Ligasure(TM), así como la ausencia de linfoceles y la disminución de linfedemas. Conclusiones: La utilización de Ligasure(TM) como método de sellado de vasos linfáticos en las linfadenectomías inguinales por carcinoma de pene, parece ofrecer ventajas respecto a la ligadura convencional, en lo que se refiere a tiempo operatorio y a la menor incidencia de complicaciones (AU)