[Transforming growth factor beta, metalloproteinase 2 and its tissue inhibitor 2 in the serum from patients with early and late boreliosis]. / Transformujacy czynnik wzrostu beta oraz metaloproteinaza 2 i jej tkankowy inhibitor 2 w surowicy chorych na wczesnq i pózna borelioze z Lyme.

UNLABELLED: Boreliosis is an arthropod transmitted, bacterial infection, known for its complicated pathogenesis and prolonged course. Boreliosis can be divided into early, localized type, early generalized type as well as late type. Cytokines control homeostasis of the organism by transmitting signals between cells. TGF (transforming growth factor) beta is one of the cytokines that modulates cell differentiation, proliferation and angiogenesis. In larger concentrations it blocks the expression of IL-1 and TNF-alfa. TGF-beta stimulates production of selectin, collagen, fibrinoectin and integrin. It inhibits metalloproteinase that causes degradation of the above mentioned proteins. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: We assessed a concentration of TGF-beta in the blood of patients presented with an early form of boreliosis Erythema Migrans (EM) as well as in patients with an advanced form of this disease Lyme arthritis (LA) In addition, levels of metalloproteinase (MMP-2), its tissue inhibitor (TIMP) was assessed. We attempted to analyze the effects of treatment by measuring specific markers of inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We tested a group of 40 patients with Lyme disease. The first group included 20 patients with an early form--(EM), while the second group of 20 patients, had a chronic form of the disease--(LA). The control group consisted of 8 healthy blood donors. The serum levels of TGF beta, metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) were obtained using ELISA. Levels were obtained prior to treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment with Doxycyclin or Rocephin (Ceftriaxon). RESULTS: The results indicated that levels of TGF-beta were lower in the Lyme patients than in the healthy control. In the patients group, the early form of disease had higher levels of TGF-beta than in the chronic. Acute, early phase group had also higher serum levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in comparison to the chronic stage group. LA group showed correlation between TGF-beta concentration and levels of MMP-2. It has not been the case in the acute stage of the disease. Both groups of patients had higher levels of IL-1-aRII and selectin E in comparison with control. CONCLUSIONS: As suggested by the results, decreased levels of TGF-beta in patients with boreliosis can be due to increased levels of MMP-2 and TIMP. The above markers and their concentration can be useful in the monitoring of the effectiveness of provided therapy and suggest that inflammation can persist in spite of the normalization of the clinical picture. The results suggest extremely complicated pathophysiology of Lyme disease where pro and antiinflammatory cytokines are as important as the pathogen itself.

[Estimation of L-selectin expression on neutrophils and level of soluble L-selectin form in serum of patient with chronic myelogenic leukemia]. / Ocena ekspresji L-selektyny na neutrofilach oraz rozpuszczalnej formy sL-selektyny w surowicy krwi u chorych na przewlekla bialaczke szpikowa.

The aim of this study was the estimation of L-selectin expression on PMN and concentration of sL-selectin in patients serum with chronic myelogenic leukemia. The results indicate the increased expression of L-selectin on isolated neutrophils from peripheral blood of patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia. A concentration of sL-selectin was also increased in patients serum with chronic myelogenic leukemia. High concentration of L-selectin on PMN makes binding neoplastic cells easier. Increased level of sL-selectin might activate of the adhesion process in patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia. High expression of L-selectin on PMN may be a response to higher levels of TNF-alpha in serum blood patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia.

[Serum and cerebrospinal concentrations of sICAM-1 sICAM-2, sICAM-3 in neuroborrellosis and tick borne encephalitis--preliminary report]. / Stezenie sICAM-1, sICAM-2, sICAM-3 w surowicy i plynie mózgowo-rdzeniowym u chorych na neuroborelioze i kleszczowe zapalenie mózgu--doniesienie wstepne.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the concentrations of the soluble forms of ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neuroborreliosis and thick borne encephalitis before and after therapy in comparison with the control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 patients, 10 in each group: neuroborreliosis-group I (NB), tick borne encephalitis--group II (TBE) and in the control group (group K). The diagnosis of neuroborreliosis and TBE based on the clinical features was confirmed by ELISA assays: FSME Virus/TBE Virus test (VIRION, Germany) for TBE and Borrelia IgM and IgG Recombinant (Biomedica Austria) for NB. The assays of sICAM-1, sICAM-2, sICAM-3 (ELISA, Bender Med System, USA) were performed twice in group I and II: before and after 3-4 weeks long treatment and once in control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentration of soluble forms of ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 in CSF suggest their important role in inflammatory process of viral and bacterial origin. In NB group, the serum concentrations of sICAM-1, sICAM-2 were significantly increased before and after treatment in comparison with control as well as with the analogous test results in TBE group. It may suggest NB as the part of systemic inflammation. The CSF concentration of sICAM-2 decreases after treatment in NB group in comparison with the analogous test results of TBE group. The increased CSF concentration of sICAM-2 in TBE group when compared to the CSF concentration in NB group suggest slow recovery and still persisting immunological activation in this group, even when the neurological symptoms disappeared. Increased concentrations in CSF in both diseases indicate intrameningeal activity of lymphocytes and may be a useful marker of inflammation.

[Expression of L-selectin on the surface of neutrophils stimulated by TNF-alpha and level of sL-selectin in serum of patients with lung cancer]. / Ocena ekspresji czasteczki adhezyjnej L-selektyny na powierzchni neutrofilów krwi obwodowej stymulowanych TNF-alpha oraz stezenia rozpuszczalnej formy selektyny w surowicy u chorych na raka pluca.

The aim of the study was to estimate L-selectin expression on peripheral blood PMN stimulated by TNF-alpha and concentration of a soluble form of L-selectin in serum of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The results showed an increased expression of L-selectin on PMN isolated from peripheral blood and an elevated concentration of sL-selectin in serum of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. An increased expression of these adhesion molecules may be the result of neutrophil activation by inflammatory cytokines.

[Estimation of level of soluble form PECAM-1, ICAM-2 and TNF-alpha, IL-18 in serum patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia]. / Ocena stezenia rozpuszczalnych form PECAM-1 i ICAM-2 i stezenia TNF-alpha i IL-18 w surowicy krwi pacjentów z przewlekla bialaczka, szpikowa.

The aim of this study was to estimate sPECAM-1, sICAM-2 and TNF-alpha and IL-18 concentrations in serum patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia. The results indicate of increased level sPECAM-1, sICAM-2 and TNF-alpha, IL-18 concentrations in serum patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia. Elevation levels of sPECAM-1 and sICAM-2 may lead to inhibit of making myelogenic leukemia cells infiltrations through the block of surface their receptors in patients with CML. High concentration of TNF-alpha and 11-18 in blood serum may indicate high expression of sPECAM-1 by activated specific enzymes responsible for releasing sPECAM-1.

[Effect of interleukin 15 on the PMN activity in Lyme borreliosis]. / Wplyw interleukiny 15 na aktywnosc neutrofilów w przebiegu boreliozy z Lyme.

In the present study, the effect was examined of rhIL-15 on neutrophil (PMN) activity (locomotion, phagocytosis and NBT reduction) in patients with Lyme disease. We found an increase of all parameters after IL-15 stimulation. The sera from the patients contained increased level of IL-15 in relation to controls. The results obtained indicate the modulatory effect of IL-15 on the PMN activity during Lyme disease.

[Effect of LFA-1 expression on neutrophils and serum level of soluble ICAM-1 in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia]. / Ocena ekspresji LFA-1 na neutrofilach oraz stezenia rozpuszczalnej formy sICAM-1 w surowicy krwi u pacjentów chorych na przewlekla bialaczke szpikowa.

The aim of this study was to estimation of LFA-1 expression on PMN and concentration of sICAM-1 in serum patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia. The results indicate on increased expression of LFA-1 on isolated neutrophils from peripheral blood of patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia. A concentration of sICAM was increased in serum patients with chronic myelogenic leukemia either. High expression of adhesion molecules can make easier binding neoplasmatic cells to LFA-1 and facilitate their migration to other tissues (distant metastases). On the other hand, soluble forms of ICAM can block connection neoplasmatic cells to membrane forms of adhesion molecules. Probably, the balance between membrane--bound and soluble forms of adhesion molecules is responsible for malignancy progression.

Effect of IL-18 on IL-1beta and sIL-1RII production by human neutrophils.

In the present study we investigated the effect of interleukin 18 (IL-18) on the production of IL-1beta and soluble IL-1 receptor II (sIL-1RII) by human neutrophils. The results obtained indicate that recombinant human IL-18 (rhIL-18) induces IL-1beta and, to a lesser extent, sIL-1RII production by human neutrophil isolated from peripheral blood. However, this effect was less important than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Additionally, our observations suggest that IL-18 can induce priming of neutrophils for IL-1beta and, to a lesser extent, sIL-IRII production by LPS-stimulated cells. The ability of IL-18 to serve as an effective modulator for IL-1beta and its regulatory protein may have significance in the inflammatory and immune reactions mediated by IL-1beta.

[INF-gamma and GM-CSF concentrations in serum of patients with Lyme disease]. / Ocena stezenia IFN-gamma i GM-CSF w surowicy chorych na borelioze z Lyme.

Lyme borreliosis is a disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete. The purpose of this study was to INF-gamma and GM-CSF concentrations in patients with Lyme borreliosis before and after treatment. The analyzed group consisted of 60 patients diagnosed with tick Spirochetosis. INF-gamma and GM-CSF concentration before treatment was increased when compared with controls. After treatment it was the same as the value of controls. The increase in IFN-gamma and GM-CSF concentration in serum of patients with Lyme disease may be due to T lymphocyte activation caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete.

[Expression of adhesion molecules LFA-1 and L-selectin on PMN and level of soluble sE-selectin and sL-selectin in the serum of patients with small cell lung cancer]. / Ocena ekspresji czasteczek adhezyjnych LFA-1 i L-selektyny na neutrofilach krwi obwodowej oraz poziomu rozpuszczalnych form L-selektyny i E-selektyny u chorych na drobnokomórkowego raka pluca.

The aim of this study was to estimate expression of adhesion molecules LFA-1 and L-selectin on PMN of peripheral blood, and level of soluble sE-selectin and sL-selectin in the serum of 16 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) before treatment. We observed significantly higher expression of LFA-1 and L-selectin on PMN in comparison to healthy persons and higher level sE selectin and sL selectin in the serum of SCLC patients. Increasing of adhesion molecules expression on PMN can lead to damage of neoplasmatic cells and may be one of the reasons for create a new cancer sites as well.

[The role of adhesion molecules in cancer]. / Rola czasteczek adhezyjnych w chorobie nowotworowej.

Adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins responsible for normal structure and function of tissues and organs. The process of tumour growth often involves alterations in expression of adhesion molecules that may lead to destruction of tissue architecture and to metastasising. This study describes behaviour of some adhesion molecules (selectins, integrins, cadherins and CD44 isoforms) in different cancers. We suggest the important role of adhesion molecules in the growth of primary and metastatic tumours and we think that precise knowledge of biological activity of these molecules may lead to development of new diagnostic methods and future immunotherapy of cancer.