[Genetic Diversity of Vitis vinifera L. in Azerbaijan].

To examine the genetic diversity of Vitis vinifera L., growing in the Republic of Azerbaijan in the region near the Caspian Sea, nuclear genomes of 31 cultivated and 34 wild grapevine accessions were studied at population and individual levels using five ISSR primers. In total, 51 fragments were amplified, of which 45 were found to be polymorphic. A high level of polymorphism was revealed (the mean PPF and PIC values constituted 87.69% and 0.94, respectively). High values of the EMR, MI, and RP indices showed the effectiveness of the application of ISSR primers and the possibility of their use in further investigations in this direction. Cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance values showed that all genotypes could be grouped into seven main clusters. Furthermore, no differences between the wild and cultivated grape wine accessions were revealed. For instance, there was no distinct distribution of the accessions according to their geographical localization. On the basis of the PIC values, the group of cultivars from Absheron Peninsula--was distinguished by the highest polymorphism level (PIC = 0.36). Natural populations from the Guba and Shabran regions were characterized by a relatively low polymorphism level (PIC = 0.31 and PIC = 0.28, respectively); and a wild population from Nabran demonstrated the lowest polymorphism level (PIC = 0.25). The data obtained confirmed paleontological and historical data of different periods, provide the supposition that Azerbaijan is the center of diversity of V. vinifera L. In addition, our data indicate that Azerbaijan grape landraces originated from local wild forms.

[Genetic Polymorphism of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Accessions of Azerbaijan].

The genetic diversity of 110 durum wheat genotypes of Azerbaijan was evaluated by ISSR markers. A total of 107 fragments were determined, ranging from 9 to 18 per locus. ISSR primers have revealed a high level of polymorphism (average 82%) among different durum wheat varieties and botanical varieties. The ISSR markers used in the study were quite informative and made it possible to distinguish all durum wheat accessions from each other. Cluster analysis based on ISSR data classified the accessions into 11 major groups. No linkage was observed between the collection site and genetic structure of the samples. On the other hand, a few accessions were detected as unique genotypes and tended to form separate clusters. The estimated gene diversity value was high, both within the whole collection and within the different groups of botanical varieties.