ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C4RA13749C.].
ABSTRACT
We report a comprehensive study on novel, highly efficient, and biodegradable hybrid molecular transporters. To this end, we designed a series of cell-penetrating, cube-octameric silsesquioxanes (COSS), and investigated cellular uptake by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. A COSS with dense spatial arrangement of guanidinium groups displayed fast uptake kinetics and cell permeation at nanomolar concentrations in living HeLa cells. Efficient uptake was also observed in bacteria, yeasts, and archaea. The COSS-based carrier was significantly more potent than cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and displayed low toxicity. It efficiently delivered a covalently attached cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin, to living tumor cells. As the uptake of fluorescently labeled carrier remained in the presence of serum, the system could be considered particularly attractive for the inâ vivo delivery of therapeutics.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell-Penetrating Peptides/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drug Delivery Systems , Organosilicon Compounds/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell-Penetrating Peptides/chemistry , Cell-Penetrating Peptides/metabolism , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/metabolism , Flow Cytometry , HeLa Cells , Humans , Microscopy, Confocal , Molecular Structure , Organosilicon Compounds/chemistry , Organosilicon Compounds/metabolismABSTRACT
The complex activity of the transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) comprises central functions in secondary hemostasis. Congenital or acquired FXIII deficiencies may be associated with habitual abortions, impaired wound healing, coagulopathy and fatal hemorrhage. The present review describes physiological functions of FXIII, as well as pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic options of FXIII deficiencies.
