Biomarkers involved in the proliferation of the odontogenic keratocyst, glandular odontogenic cyst and botryoid odontogenic cyst.

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic cysts are a heterogeneous group of lesions with varied clinical behavior. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Cyclin D1, and transcription factor SOX2 in the odontogenic epithelium evaluating the cell cycle control and cystic expansion. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 40 cases, 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 10 botryoid odontogenic cysts (BOC), and 10 glandular odontogenic cysts (GOC). RESULTS: All cases of OKC, BOC, and GOC were positive for EGFR in all layers of the cyst lining. The highest expression of nuclear Cyclin D1 was observed in the suprabasal layer of OKCs and in the basal and suprabasal layers of GOC and BOC (p < 0.001). In addition, SOX2 was only expressed in the suprabasal layer of OKCs. CONCLUSION: The high expression of EGFR in the cyst membrane suggests that EGF stimulates epithelial proliferation in BOCs, and the high expression of SOX2 in OKCs may be related to the presence of stem cells in the lesion. Cyclin D1 is related to cell cycle disruption in G1-S contributing to stimulates epithelial proliferation of OKCs and GOCs and BOCs.

Five-year survival and prognostic factors for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: retrospective cohort of a cancer center.

INTRODUCTION: Oropharyngeal cancer is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Prognostic factors for this cancer are therefore useful to predict overall survival and may provide additional therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 5-year overall survival and prognostic factors for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Retrospective cohort (2008-2018) of a cancer referral center. The population of the study was a hospital-based cohort consisting of patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer who underwent surgery and/or adjuvant therapy (radio- and/or chemotherapy). RESULTS: A total of 253 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed. The mean age was 59.8 ± 11.9 years and there was a male predominance (81.8%). Smoking and alcohol consumption were found in 88.0% and 84.2% of the sample, respectively. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was the treatment modality in 42.7% of the sample, followed by surgery combined with radio- and chemotherapy in 15.8%. There were 143 deaths (events), the mean survival was 11.55 ± 9.69 months, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 1.1%. Overall survival was lower for clinical stage III/IV (p < 0.001), HPV p16-negative status (p = 0.019), and an interval > 4 weeks between diagnosis and the beginning of treatment (p < 0.007). CONCLUSION: Among the prognostic factors analyzed in this cohort, p16-negative status as a poor prognostic indicator and tumor stage III/IV and an interval longer than 4 weeks between diagnosis and the beginning of treatment were significantly associated with lower overall survival.