Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 6 de 6
Filter
1.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 82(11): 675-9, 2007 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17979035

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are variations in the intraocular pressure (IOP) between the morning and afternoon in healthy subjects. METHODS: This study was carried out in a Primary Care Health Center among usual patients of general practitioners. Two measurements of the intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (between 8 and 9 a.m. and between 5 and 6 p.m.) using a Perkins applanation tonometer. The subjects (119 females and 101 males) had a mean age of 46.3 years, with ages ranging between 14 and 83 years. They were proportionally distributed among 4 age groups (14-24, 25-44, 45-64 and >65 years). RESULTS: The IOP mean values were: right eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.29 and 11.81 mm Hg, respectively (p<0.001); left eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.48 and 12.04 mm Hg (p<0.001). The IOP was significantly higher in males than in females, and showed a weak association with age. CONCLUSIONS: We found a diurnal variation of IOP of approximately 1.5 mm Hg. The time of day when the IOP is measured needs to be considered as a variable in research in ocular hypertension and glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Circadian Rhythm , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomedical Research , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Family Practice , Female , Humans , Male , Manometry , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Primary Health Care , Sex Factors , Time Factors
2.
Prev. tab ; 7(2): 49-53, abr.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042825

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la efectividad delconsejo médico antitabaco (CMA) en dos poblaciones de fumadores,una con espirometría normal (EN) y otra con espirometría obstructiva(EPOC).Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el ámbitode Atención Primaria. Se realizó espirometría a fumadores mayoresde 40 años. A los que tenían EN se les daba consejo antitabaco durante3-5 minutos, mientras que a los del grupo EPOC se les dedicaban 8-10minutos. Al año se contactó telefónicamente y se les interrogó sobresu hábito tabáquico en ese momento, intentos de abandono y utilizaciónde otros métodos para intentar la abstinencia.Resultados: La muestra la formaban 217 sujetos (176 EN y 41EPOC) con edad media de 50,5 años. El 57,1% eran varones. Hubo 70intentos de abandono (53,7% del grupo EPOC vs 27,3% del grupo EN;χ2 = 10,59; p < 0,001), consiguiendo abandonarlo 19 del grupo EN y 13del grupo EPOC (10,8 vs 31,7%; OR 3,86; IC95% 1,7-8,6). En el análisismultivariante, el sexo masculino, el índice tabáquico, la realización deintentos de deshabituación previa y la alteración en la espirometría fueronlas variables asociadas a mayor frecuencia de abandono.Conclusiones: Los fumadores a los que se diagnostica de EPOCy se les da CMA durante 8-10 minutos abandonan significativamentemás el tabaco que aquellos otros con espirometría normal y un consejode menor duración. Creemos que, en Atención Primaria, debe potenciarsela realización de CMA


Foundation: Fighting against nicotine poisoning is a fundamentalobjective for a Sanitary System. The target of this survey is to assess theeffectiveness of smoking cessation counseling over two samples of smokers,one of them with a normal spirometry (NS) and the other, with apathologic spirometry (COPD).Patients and methodology: Transversal descriptive survey, carriedout within the primary attention area. Smoking patients over their 40’shad a spirometry made. Those patients who smoked and had a normalspirometry (NS group) were given anti-smoking counsel for 3-5 minutes,while those patients with an obstructive spirometry (COPD group),received counsel for 8-10 minutes. One year later, all of them were contactedon the phone and were asked about: their smoking habit in thatmoment, attempts to quit smoking and use of other resources or methodsto reach abstinence.Results: The sample was finally composed of 217 patients (176 NSand 41 COPD) with an average age of 50.5 years; 57.1% of them weremales. There were 70 attempts to quit smoking (53.7% within the COPDgroup vs. 27.3% within the NS group; χ2 = 10.59; p < 0.001); 19 patientsin the NS group and 13 in the COPD group succeeded in giving up smoking(10.8% vs. 31.7%; OR 3.86; IC95% 1.7–8.6 ). In the multi-variantanalysis, the variables which associate with a higher frequency in givingup smoking are: the masculine gender, the tobacco habit indicator, theprevious attempting to break oneself of the habit of smoking and the alterationin the spirometry.Conclussions: Smokers with a COPD diagnosis who receive medicalanti-smoking counsel for 8-10 minutes, give up smoking more significantlythan patients with a normal spirometry and a shorter medicalcounsel. We believe that within the primary attention frame,anti-smoking counsel should be promoted


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Spirometry , Directive Counseling/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive
3.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(12): 554-558, dic. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24932

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en fumadores y ex fumadores mayores de 40 años y describir los factores asociados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el ámbito de la atención primaria. En él se incluyo a 444 personas de 40 años de edad o mayores que fumaban o habían fumado. A todos se les realizó una espirometría. Si la relación volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo/porcentaje de la capacidad vital forzada era menor del 70 por ciento, se realizaba una prueba de broncodilatación y se repetía la espirometría a los 15-20 min tras dos inhalaciones de terbutalina (500 µg/dosis). Si la relación volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo/porcentaje de la capacidad vital forzada seguía siendo inferior al 70 por ciento y el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo menor del 80 por ciento del teórico, se diagnosticaba EPOC. También se recogieron edad, sexo, consumo de tabaco, edad de inicio, índice tabáquico (paquetes/día × años de consumo) e intentos de abandono. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes era de 53,5 años, y un 65,8 por ciento eran varones. En el momento del realizar el estudio fumaban 248 sujetos (55,9 por ciento). La mediana de inicio del consumo resultó de 16,5 años, y la del índice tabáquido fue de 26,7. El 72,1 por ciento había realizado al menos un intento de abandono. Se diagnosticó de EPOC a 70 personas (24 ya conocidas), lo que supone una prevalencia del 16,4 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento, 12,9-19,9). Un 10 por ciento eran casos graves. Tras el análisis multifactorial resultaron significativamente asociadas a EPOC la edad y el índice tabáquico. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de EPOC hallada es ligeramente superior a la de otros estudios, si bien puede existir un sesgo en los resultados obtenidos al no haber podido establecer contacto con el 11,9 por ciento de la población objeto del estudio. Casi dos tercios de los casos eran desconocidos. Son claros factores de riesgo la edad y el consumo acumulado de tabaco (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Risk Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder , Prevalence , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 39(12): 554-8, 2003 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14636492

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers and ex-smokers over 40 years of age and describe the associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study at primary care level in which 444 current or ex-smokers 40 years of age or older were enrolled. Spirometry was performed with all subjects. If the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was less than 70%, a bronchodilator test was performed and spirometry was repeated after 2 inhalations of terbutaline (500 g/dose). If the FEV1/FVC ratio continued to be less than 70% and FEV1 less than 80% of predicted, COPD was diagnosed. Age, sex, smoking, age smoking began, index of smoking history (packs per day x year) and attempts to quit smoking were also recorded. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 53.5 years and 65.8% were men. At the time of the study, 248 subjects (55.9%) were current smokers. The median age smoking began was 16.5 years and the median pack-years index was 26.7. At least 1 attempt to quit had been made by 72.1% of the patients. COPD was diagnosed in 70 subjects (24 with the diagnosis previously established), representing a prevalence of 16.4% (95% confidence interval, 12.9-19.9). COPD was serious in 10%. A multifactorial analysis indicated that age and smoking history in pack-years were significantly associated with COPD. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of COPD in our study is slightly higher than in other studies, although selection bias may have affected our results given that we were unable to contact 11.9% of the population sample. Almost two thirds of cases had not been previously diagnosed. Two major risk factors are age and cumulative tobacco consumption.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors
5.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 28(1): 23-30, jun. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2259

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Conocer la distribución de la presión intraocular (PIO) en nuestra población mayor de 40 años, así como la prevalencia de glaucoma (G) e hipertensión intraocular (HIO).Diseño. Descriptivo. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Sujetos. Novecientas noventa personas 40 años. Mediciones. Edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), antecedentes oftálmicos, factores de riesgo, agudeza visual (optotipo), oftalmoscopia y PIO (tonometría de aplanación). Los pacientes con alteraciones en fondo de ojo y/o PIO 21 mmHg fueron remitidos al oftalmólogo para su valoración (campimetría). Resultados. Ochocientas setenta personas; edad media, 54,66 años; 45,4 por ciento, varones. La PIO media fue de 12,96 en ojo derecho y 13,27 en izquierdo, existiendo diferencias significativas entre ambos, pero no entre sexos ni grupos de edad. Se derivaron 70 pacientes (11 por PIO 21; 54 por oftalmoscopia alterada y 5 por ambos motivos), catalogando el oftalmólogo a 9 como G, 12 como HIO y 15 como sospechosos de G. Estimamos una prevalencia de G en 40 años del 1,81 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 0,98-2,63 por ciento), incluyendo 9 casos ya conocidos. La prevalencia de HIO es del 1,61 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 0,82-2,39 por ciento). Mediante regresión logística, encontramos mayor riesgo de G en miopes (OR ajustada [ORa] por edad y sexo, 3,01) e hipertrigliceridemia (ORa, 6,34). El riesgo de HIO es significativamente superior en pacientes con IMC 30 (ORa, 4,20). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de G coincide con lo publicado para poblaciones similares, mientras la PIO y la prevalencia de HIO son sensiblemente inferiores. Dado que la mitad de los G están sin diagnosticar, creemos que debería valorarse su detección precoz en atención primaria, al menos en colectivos de riesgo (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Male , Female , Humans , Prevalence , Ocular Hypertension , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glaucoma
6.
Gac Sanit ; 7(38): 244-8, 1993.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8225791

ABSTRACT

The results of a quality control of the assistance, given through a programme of pregnancy in 12 health centres in Area number 1 of Toledo are shown here. To do so, an auditory was performed at a public hospital level and in the participating health centres, unifying explicit and normative criteria, which were the base to check a sample of 484 clinic records. In the results found, the high percentage of observance of the criteria referring to the early captation and the puerperal visit (90.3% and 94.6% respectively) is outstanding and the adequate treatment of the ferropenic anemia is the most frequently unobserved criteria (53.3%). Correction measures are established and standards for the re-evaluation are fixed. We emphasize the need to involve the second assistance level as well as the respective Management in the performance of health programmes in its aims, assuming the improvement of results as a responsibility of all of them.


Subject(s)
Prenatal Care/standards , Quality of Health Care , Community Health Services/standards , Community Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Female , Hospitals, Maternity/standards , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Urban/standards , Hospitals, Urban/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Spain
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...