[Mineral elements in diet of pregnant and breast-feeding women. Part I. Macro minerals: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride]. / Skladniki mineralne w diecie kobiet ciezarnych i karmiacych. Czesc 1. Makromineraly: wapn, magnez, fosfor, sód, potas, chlor.

During pregnancy and lactation the need not only for the energy intake increases but also for some mineral elements. The basic source of mineral elements and other chemical elements for the human organism is food. For the increased need for minerals, proper selection of food products is vital and sometimes extremely difficult to do. The article covers some of the reasons for increased need for mineral elements of pregnant and feeding women. In the first part we described the proper sources of macro minerals such as Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, CIland highlighted the factors that determine their bioavailability.

[Mineral elements in diet of pregnant and breast-feeding women. Part II. Micro minerals: iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, fluorine, manganese, molybdenium, chromium]. / Skladniki mineralne w diecie kobiet cieiarnych i karmiacych. Czesc II. Mikromineraly: zelazo, cynk, mied , selen, jod, fluor, mangan, molibden, chrom.

The first article describes in detail problems connected with the role of macro minerals: Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Cl in the diet of pregnant and breast feeding women. We concentrated on the choice of good natural sources of micro minerals: Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, I, F, Mn, Mo and Cr. The amounts of the elements in some of the food products are listed and factors that decide on their bioavailability are described. We mentioned pernicious effects of inadequate intake of micro minerals on the health of pregnant women and newborn babies.

[Food products as a natural source of vitamins for pregnant women]. / Produkty spozywcze naturalnym zródlem witamin dla kobiet w ciazy.

Although diet of pregnant women very often require supplementation with proper vitamins, food should be the basic source of them. Different food products consist of different amounts of vitamins. That is why the proper choice of natural sources of vitamins seem while to be the most important white preparing a diet. Sources of some vitamins are mentioned in the project. It also points out some factors that have impact on the availability and assimilation of the vitamins. The project states also that before pharmacological supplementation of vitamins the estimation of intake of vitamins from natural sources is needed.

Activated leukocytes and endothelial cells enhance retention of ultrasound contrast microspheres containing perfluoropropane in inflamed venules.

PURPOSE: To characterize the flow dynamics of albumin ultrasound contrast microspheres containing perfluoropropane (PFP) in normal and inflamed microvasculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mesenteric microvessels of rats were examined after an intravenous injection of fluorocein-labeled erythrocytes or PFP microspheres by fluorescence intravital microscopy with and without local application of 10(-8) M platelet activating factor (PAF) as an experimental form of inflammation. RESULTS: All the microspheres passed freely through arterioles and capillaries. Mean velocities of the microspheres in each vessel were closely correlated with those of erythrocytes. Only a minor fraction of the microspheres was retained in the venules (> or =0.1 s stoppage) by attachment to endothelial cells. The frequency of microsphere retention in venules was significantly enhanced by PAF (2.6+/-2.1%, P<0.01 vs. control), especially in regions with leukocyte adhesion. Treatment with a monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin or the common leukocyte antigen inhibited PAF-induced microsphere retention in venules (P<0.05). In the inflamed microcirculation, a small subgroup of microspheres becomes attached to venular endothelial cells in regions with leukocyte adhesion via interaction among microspheres, activated leukocytes and endothelial cells via adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION: In inflamed microcirculation, a small subgroup of microspheres becomes attached to venular endothelial cells in regions with leukocyte adhesion via interaction among microspheres, activated leukocytes and endothelial cells via adhesion molecules. These results suggest that ultrasonography with microspheres has the potential to evaluate inflammatory site distribution as well as tissue perfusion.