ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of the orthodontic bonding Transbond XT (3M Unitek) and four self-etching adhesives with possible use in orthodontic bonding (Clearfil Protect Bond, CPB; Clearfil Self-etching Bond, CSB; Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer, TSEP; iBond) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus gasseri in order to compare that capacity among the adhesives and with respect to Transbond XT; 2. To determine the bacterial adhesion capacity of the above mentioned microorganisms to the tested adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inhibitory effects of the adhesives against S. mutans and L. gasseri were examined using the agar diffusion method with Whatman No.1 5mm disks loaded with 15 µl of adhesive, UV polymerized, layered on previously inoculated BHI and MRS plates incubated microaerobically for 48 hours at 37 degree C. Data were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis (P < 0.05) and Mann-Whitney tests, applying the Bonferroni correction (P < 0.003). Bacterial adhesion was studied with scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Only CPB and iBond produced a clear growth inhibition halo against S. mutans and L. gasseri (P < 0.0001). iBond was the only tested product to which the bacteria adhere profusely, particularly S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS: CPB has shown antimicrobial properties in vitro, and, provided the limitations of an in vitro study, the use of this self-etching adhesive may contribute to reduce microbial decalcification, making the use of this self-etching adhesive an attractive option for bracket bonding.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Dental Bonding/methods , Dental Materials/pharmacology , Lactobacillus/drug effects , Resin Cements/pharmacology , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects , Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Dentin-Bonding Agents/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Humans , Lactobacillus/growth & development , Orthodontics/methods , Streptococcus mutans/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine if canting of the occlusal plane influences esthetic evaluation of the smile among orthodontists, dentists and laypersons. Study Design: A frontal photo of a smile with 0º occlusal plane canting in relation to the bipupillary plane was modified using Adobe Photoshop C3 (Adobe Systems Inc, San José, California) to generate two images with occlusal plane inclinations of 2º and 4º. The three images were evaluated esthetically by orthodontists (n=40) general dentists (n=40) and laypersons (n=40). Each image was awarded a score as follows: 1=esthetically acceptable;2=moderately acceptable; 3=esthetically unacceptable. Evaluators also placed the three images in order in preference. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05) and the Mann-Whitney tests, applying the Bonferroni Correction (p<0.016).Results: No significant differences (p> 0.05) were found between the three groups for 0º and 2º cants (median for orthodontists=1; general dentists=1; laypersons=1). Orthodontists (median score=3) made evaluations of the image with 4º occlusal plane that were significantly different from general dentists (median=2) and laypersons(median=2). All three groups put the 0º image in first place in order of esthetic acceptability, the 2º image in second place and the 4º image in third place. Orthodontists placed the 0º image in first place with significantly greater frequency (p<0.016) than laypersons. Conclusions: Occlusal plane canting of 0º and 2º were evaluated as esthetically acceptable by the three groups. The 4º occlusal plane cant was evaluated more negatively by orthodontists than by general dentists and laypersons. All three groups placed the 0º image in first place of esthetic acceptability, 2º in second place and 4º in third. Orthodontists put the 0º image in first place with significantly greater frequency than laypersons (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Occlusal Adjustment/ethics , Dental Occlusion , Orthodontics, Corrective/legislation & jurisprudence , Esthetics, DentalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine if canting of the occlusal plane influences esthetic evaluation of the smile among orthodontists, dentists and laypersons. STUDY DESIGN: A frontal photo of a smile with 0 occlusal plane canting in relation to the bipupillary plane was modified using Adobe Photoshop C3 (Adobe Systems Inc, San José, California) to generate two images with occlusal plane inclinations of 2 and 4 . The three images were evaluated esthetically by orthodontists (n=40) general dentists (n=40) and laypersons (n=40). Each image was awarded a score as follows: 1=esthetically acceptable; 2=moderately acceptable; 3=esthetically unacceptable. Evaluators also placed the three images in order in preference. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05) and the Mann-Whitney tests, applying the Bonferroni Correction (p<0.016). RESULTS: No significant differences (p> 0.05) were found between the three groups for 0 and 2 cants (median for orthodontists=1; general dentists=1; laypersons=1). Orthodontists (median score=3) made evaluations of the image with 4 occlusal plane that were significantly different from general dentists (median=2) and laypersons (median=2). All three groups put the 0 image in first place in order of esthetic acceptability, the 2 image in second place and the 4 image in third place. Orthodontists placed the 0 image in first place with significantly greater frequency (p<0.016) than laypersons. CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal plane canting of 0 and 2 were evaluated as esthetically acceptable by the three groups. The 4 occlusal plane cant was evaluated more negatively by orthodontists than by general dentists and laypersons. All three groups placed the 0 image in first place of esthetic acceptability, 2 in second place and 4 in third. Orthodontists put the 0 image in first place with significantly greater frequency than laypersons.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Dental Occlusion , Dentistry , Orthodontics , Adult , Attitude of Health Personnel , Esthetics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Determinar si la capacidad adhesiva del sistema adhesivo ortodóncico Transbond XT junto con Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB) es equiparable a la obtenida cuando Transbond XT se utiliza con Adper Prompt L-Pop (Adper PLP) o a la técnica de grabado ácido tradicional. Los brackets fueron adheridos a premolares humanos extraídos usando Transbond XT. Este procedimiento fue llevado a cabo de acuerdo con uno de los siguientes3 protocolos de acondicionamiento del esmalte:(1) grabado con ácido fosfórico al 37%, (2) CPB, y (3) Adper PLP. La resistencia a las fuerzas de cizalla se midió con una máquina universal de test, con una velocidad de la cabeza de la máquina de I mm/min. El adhesivo remanente en el diente después del descementado fue cuantificado usando un equipo de análisis de imagen. CPB proporciona una fuerza adhesiva significativamente menor que Adper PLP y con la técnica de grabado ácido convencional (p< 0.05). Con la técnica de grabado ácido convencional y con CPB quedaba tras el descementado significativamente más adhesivo en el diente que con Adper PLP (P
To determine if the bonding capacity of the orthodontic bonding system Transbond XT used in combination with Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB) is equal to that obtained using either Transbond XT with Adper Prompt L-Pop (Adper PLP)or traditional acid etch technique. Brackets were bonded to extracted human premolars using Transbond XT. Bonding was carried out following one of three procedures for enamel preparation: (1) Phosphoroc acid etch at 37%; (2) CPB; (3) Adper PLP. Shear bond strength was measured with a universal test machine, the cross-head set at a speed of I mm/min. Bond material remaining on teeth after debonding was quantified using image analysis equipment. CPB showed significantly less bond strength than either Adper PLP or conventional acid etch technique (P< 0.05). With both the acid etch technique and CPB significantly more bond material remained on the tooth after debonding than with Adper PLP (P<0.05). Although the antibacterial self-etching primer CPB's bond strength was significantly less than that achieved by either the self-etching Adper PLP or acid etch technique, the values obtained remain above the minimum required for orthodontic practice. Further research into the use of bonding agents with anti-bacterial properties for bracket bonding is necessary (AU)
