ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess sleep patterns and prevalence of sleep disturbances during pregnancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design; prospective questionnaire. SETTING: Outpatient, private obstetric clinic. PARTICIPANTS: 127 consecutive patients, with women evaluated at one of four points in pregnancy, 8-12 weeks (n = 37), 18-22 weeks (n = 28), 25-28 weeks (n = 24), and 35-38 weeks (n = 38). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Questionnaire of sleep habits and sleep disturbances. RESULTS: A large percentage of the women experienced sleep disturbances during pregnancy, These problems included frequent night wakings, difficulty falling asleep, and symptoms of sleep apnea. Few differences in sleep patterns were found across pregnancy, although women were found to sleep more and nap more by the end of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, especially late in pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Patient Education as Topic , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Sleep Wake Disorders/prevention & control , Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Developed and pilot-tested a measure of satisfaction with mental health services for young clients. One hundred fifty youth from 11 to 17 years of age who had completed services received the measure as a telephone interview. Fourteen of 17 candidate items met criteria for test-retest reliability, part-whole correlation, and correlation with a validation item, and they were retained in the instrument. Total score test-retest reliability and internal consistency were highly satisfactory. Principal components analysis revealed two factors, labeled Relationship With Therapist and Benefits of Therapy. Unexpectedly, satisfaction scores were not related to change in youth self-reported behavior problems. However, convergent validity was indicated by significant relationships with change in parent-reported behavior problems, parent satisfaction, parent ratings of treatment progress, therapist ratings of progress, and Global Assessment of Functioning change scores. These results indicate that the Youth Client Satisfaction Questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure of consumer evaluations of their treatment.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/therapy , Consumer Behavior , Mental Health Services/standards , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Parents , Psychometrics , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Utilized a naturalistic methodology to examine treatment responses associated with major psychotherapeutic methods in 150 youth aged 11 to 17 years old in a community mental health center. Treatment methods were not experimentally controlled but were measured retrospectively by therapist report. Treatment response was assessed by a composite of 6 measures completed by clients, parents, and therapists. Pretest/posttest comparisons indicated improved functioning in the sample as a whole. Treatment response was not related to the proportion of therapy using individual, family, or group modalities. Therapy response was positively associated with extent of use of cognitive therapy. Social skills training, behavior therapy, and family systems therapy were associated with more positive treatment response in some subgroups of clients. The number of approaches used in an individual case (technical eclecticism) was positively related to client response. Treatment response was more consistently related to level of client and parent functioning in therapy than to treatment method.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Psychiatry , Child Psychiatry , Community Mental Health Centers , Mental Disorders/therapy , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Psychotherapy , Adolescent , Adolescent Psychiatry/methods , Adolescent Psychiatry/standards , Analysis of Variance , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/therapy , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child Psychiatry/methods , Child Psychiatry/standards , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/standards , Combined Modality Therapy , Community Mental Health Centers/standards , Family Health , Family Therapy/methods , Family Therapy/standards , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Patient Satisfaction , Psychotherapy/methods , Psychotherapy/standards , Psychotherapy, Group/standards , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Accidental ingestion of oral prescription drugs by children under age five continues to be a public health problem. A telephone survey of 1,866 ingestion incidents reported to nine poison control centers was conducted in the spring of 1986. Accidental ingestion occurred most often with a two-year-old child (42 per cent) in their own home (82 per cent). Thirty-five per cent of the toxic drugs ingested at home belonged to someone other than the immediate family, most often a grandparent. Toxic drugs were more often out of their usual storage location and in non-child-resistant prescription packaging, a nonprescription container, or in no container. Twenty-two per cent of all child-resistant packages were non-functional. Overall, at least 61 per cent of all medications had no child-resistant barrier at the time of ingestion. Accessible storage locations such as the kitchen counter, table top, or top of a dresser or bedside table greatly increased the risk of accidental ingestion. These results suggest the need for effective child-resistant packaging that is easier for all adults to use.
