Immunohistochemistry with anti-MAL antibody and RNAscope with MAL probes are complementary techniques for diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma.

AIMS: Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) diagnosis can be challenging on needle biopsies. Robust techniques are needed to ensure diagnosis of this lymphoma which is highly sensitive to recently developed therapy protocols. METHODS: In this study, we sought to determine precise PMBL phenotype, compared with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, by combining immunohistochemistry with anti-MAL antibody and RNA in situ hybridisation (RNAscope) with specific MAL probes. RESULTS: The overall MAL positivity level reached 93% (14/15) of cases of PMBL. Among the 15 cases enrolled in the study, 11 were undoubtedly positive for MAL immunostaining whereas 13 were positive by RNA in situ hybridisation. Interestingly, one case that was negative by in situ hybridisation turned out to be positive by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results demonstrate that in situ detection of both MAL transcripts and protein are complementary and increase the sensitivity and specificity of PMBL diagnosis.

["Discovering Pathology", a serious game dedicated to the discovery of pathology for medical students]. / « Discovering Pathology ¼, un serious game dédié à la découverte de l'anatomopathologie pour les étudiants en médecine.

The serious game is a digital concept whose intention is to combine serious aspects with the playful springs of video games. Educational, learning and communication tool's, their production has been growing steadily since the 2000s. France has become the world's second largest producer of serious games, behind the United States of America. Gradually essential in health care, they invite themselves to universities to support medical and paramedical education. We aim to create a serious game designed to introduce anatomy and pathological cytology to medical students. The project is taking place in the University of Franche-Comté and the University Hospital of Besançon. The themes addressed refer to the program of French Pathologists College's. The game structure's makes to follow the progress of a sample within a laboratory and relies on the combined use of macroscopic images and digitized slides to build a diagnosis. By using computer support for video games, this type of teaching tool aims to challenge students and increase their motivation. This non-profit pilot game will be accessible to students of the University of Franche-Comté, on the internet, in January 2019. Developed in French and English, it will then be made available to other universities wishing to use this type of educational tool.

[Large scale teaching in pathology]. / Pédagogie à grande échelle en ACP.

Medical education is currently facing great changes that affect all medical specialties, including anatomical pathology. Due to rapidly increasing medical knowledge and diagnostic complexity, we are living an era of teaching resources mutualization. We present different tools that allow large numbers of students to access courses, self-evaluations, and competencies assessments. MOOC platforms and e-learning platforms are central to these new online tools, which include the French National Platform of Medical Specialties, dedicated to the teaching of 50,000 medical residents in France. We also discuss "serious games" and the use of images and virtual slides in anatomical pathology teaching. These new modalities can deliver essential knowledge to large student populations, but they must be used in conjunction with adapted teacher-led courses focusing on competencies and professional skills in order to be fully effective.