ABSTRACT
While pondering about a way to convey a message of hope, kindness and solidarity to my anesthesiology colleagues and to all the healthcare professionals and workers in Colombia and around the world, who are in the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, I realized - once again- the severe impact it has had on our mental health and our lives. In the history of our generation and probably since 1918, mankind had not experienced the deleterious effect of a pandemic of such magnitude on our lives. A disrupting event of such magnitude invites us to reflect daily. So, I remembered that we, Colombian anesthesiologists, have a fantastic leader who sets an example for many of us, and who is renowned worldwide. A global leader in innovation and the creation of the future: Professor Alejandro Jadad. He used to speak often about pandemics, but pandemics of health and joy.
Mientras reflexionaba sobre una manera de transmitir un mensaje de esperanza, amabilidad y solidaridad a mis colegas de anestesiología y a todos los profesionales y trabajadores de la salud en Colombia y en todo el mundo, que se encuentran en la primera línea de la pandemia de COVID-19, me di cuenta: una vez de nuevo, el impacto severo que ha tenido en nuestra salud mental y nuestras vidas. En la historia de nuestra generación y probablemente desde 1918, la humanidad no había experimentado el efecto deletéreo de una pandemia de tal magnitud en nuestras vidas. Un acontecimiento perturbador de tal magnitud nos invita a reflexionar a diario. Entonces, recordé que nosotros, los anestesiólogos colombianos, tenemos un líder fantástico que es un ejemplo para muchos de nosotros y que es reconocido mundialmente. Líder mundial en innovación y creación de futuro: el profesor Alejandro Jadad. Solía ââhablar a menudo de pandemias, pero de pandemias de salud y alegría.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Delivery of Health Care , Pandemics , Anesthesiology , Occupational Groups , Societies , Health , Mental Health , Richter Scale , Anesthesiologists , HistoryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the availability of national information and communication technology (ICT) or eHealth policies produced by countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and to determine the influence of a country's socioeconomic context on the existence of these policies. METHODS: Documents describing a national ICT or eHealth policy in any of the 33 countries belonging to the LAC region as listed by the United Nations were identified from three data sources: academic databases; the Google search engine; and government agencies and representatives. The relationship between the existence of a policy and national socioeconomic indicators was also investigated. RESULTS: There has been some progress in the establishment of ICT and eHealth policies in the LAC region. The most useful methods for identifying the policies were 1) use of the Google search engine and 2) contact with Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) country representatives. The countries that have developed a national ICT policy seem to be more likely to have a national eHealth policy in place. There was no statistical significant association between the existence of a policy and a country's socioeconomic context. CONCLUSIONS: Governments need to make stronger efforts to raise awareness about existing and planned ICT and eHealth policies, not only to facilitate ease of use and communication with their stakeholders, but also to promote collaborative international efforts. In addition, a better understanding of the effect of economic variables on the role that ICTs play in health sector reform efforts will help shape the vision of what can be achieved.
OBJETIVO: Analizar la disponibilidad de políticas nacionales en materia de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) o eSalud formuladas por los países de América Latina y el Caribe, y determinar la influencia del contexto socioeconómico del país sobre la existencia de este tipo de políticas. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron documentos que describieran una política nacional de TIC o eSalud en cualquiera de los 33 países de América Latina y el Caribe según la clasificación de las Naciones Unidas, a partir de tres fuentes de datos: bases de datos académicas; el motor de búsqueda Google; y organismos y representaciones gubernamentales. También se investigó la relación entre la existencia de una política de este tipo y los indicadores socioeconómicos nacionales. RESULTADOS: Se ha producido algún progreso en el establecimiento de políticas de TIC y eSalud en América Latina y el Caribe. Los métodos más útiles para determinar las políticas fueron: 1) el uso del motor de búsqueda Google, y 2) el contacto con las representaciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) en los países. Parece más probable que los países que han elaborado una política nacional de TIC hayan implantado también una política nacional de eSalud. No se observó ninguna asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la existencia de una política y el contexto socioeconómico de un país. CONCLUSIONES: Es preciso que los gobiernos intensifiquen las iniciativas para concientizar acerca de las políticas existentes y planificadas en materia de TIC y eSalud, no solo para facilitar su utilización y la comunicación con los interesados directos, sino también para promover iniciativas colaborativas a escala internacional. Por otra parte, una mejor comprensión del efecto de las variables económicas sobre la función que las TIC desempeñan en las iniciativas de reforma del sector de la salud ayudará a establecer la perspectiva de lo se puede llegar a lograr.
Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Health Policy , Medical Informatics , Telemedicine , Caribbean Region , Latin America , Socioeconomic FactorsSubject(s)
Health Policy , Information Technology , Latin America , Caribbean Region , Health Policy , Information Technology , Latin America , Caribbean RegionABSTRACT
Background: Morphine Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) increases the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the effectiveness adding haloperidol is unknown. Methods: 145 women scheduled to undergo short-stay surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned in two groups: One group received 2 mg i.v. of haloperidol 30 minutes before the end of surgery plus 2 mg mixed with 50 mg of morphine for administration via PCA (Group H); the other group received the same analgesic scheme for pain management using two comparable i.v. boluses of saline (Group P). Furthermore, both groups received dexamethasone 4 mg during anaesthesia induction. Ondansetron (4 mg i.v.) was used for antiemetic rescue. significa Participants and outcomes assessors were blinded to group assignment. The primary endpoints were incidence of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic requirements during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary endpoints included sedation and morphine requirement. Results: Cumulative data at 24 hours showed that the group H had less nausea (71.2% vs. 20.6%; RR 0.29 [95% CI: 0.17-0.46]) and vomiting (47% vs. 11.8%; RR 0.25; [95% CI: 0.12-0.49]), and required less ondansetron (66.7% vs. 17.7%), but had an increased incidence of sedation (NNH: 3.5; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7). The NNT for Total response (no nausea, no vomiting/retching) was 2.5 (0-2 hours) and 2 (2-24 hours). Conclusion: A bolus of haloperidol 2 mg prior to the end of surgery followed by 2 mg mixed with 50 mg of Morphine for PCA administration can significantly reduce the frequency of PONV but at a cost of increased sedation.