Endovascular Treatment of Cerebrovascular Lesions Using Nickel- or Nitinol-Containing Devices in Patients with Nickel Allergies.

Nickel is used in many cerebral endovascular treatment devices. However, nickel hypersensitivity is the most common metal allergy, and the relative risk of treatment in these patients is unknown. This retrospective analysis identified patients with nickel or metal allergies who underwent cerebral endovascular treatment with nickel-containing devices. Seven patients with nickel and/or other metal allergies underwent treatment with 9 nickel-containing devices. None experienced periprocedural complications. No patient received treatment with corticosteroids or antihistamines. At a mean clinical follow-up for all patients of 22.8 months (range, 10.5-38.0 months), no patients had symptoms attributable to nickel allergic reactions. The mean radiographic follow-up for all patients at 18.4 months (range, 2.5-37.5 months) showed successful treatment of the targeted vascular pathologies, with no evidence of in-stent stenosis or other allergic or hypersensitivity sequelae. The treatment of cerebrovascular lesions with a nickel-containing device resulted in no adverse outcomes among these patients and was safe and effective.

Emergency Department Visits for Chronic Subdural Hematomas within 30 Days after Surgical Evacuation with and without Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Middle meningeal artery embolization after surgical evacuation of a chronic subdural hematomas is associated with fewer treatment failures than surgical evacuation. We compared emergency department visits within 30 days for patients with chronic subdural hematomas with and without adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of chronic subdural hematoma treated from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment was classified as surgery only or surgery combined with middle meningeal artery embolization. The primary outcome was 30-day emergency department presentation and readmission. RESULTS: Of 137 patients who met the study criteria, 28 (20%) underwent surgery combined with middle meningeal artery embolization. Of these 28 patients, 15 (54%) underwent planned middle meningeal artery embolization and 13 (46%) underwent embolization after surgical failure. The mean chronic subdural hematoma size at presentation in the group with surgery only (n = 109, 20.5 [SD, 6.9] mm) was comparable with that in the combined group (n = 28, 18.7 [SD, 4.5] mm; P = .16). A significantly higher percentage of the surgery-only group presented to the emergency department within 30 days compared with the combined group (32 of 109 [29%] versus 2 of 28 [7%] patients; P = .02). No significant difference was found with respect to readmission (16 [15%] versus 1 [4%] patient; P = .11). Nine patients (8%) in the surgery-only group were readmitted for significant reaccumulation or residual subdural hematoma compared with only 1 patient (4%) in the combined group (P = .40). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical evacuation combined with middle meningeal artery embolization in patients with chronic subdural hematoma is associated with fewer 30-day emergency department visits compared with surgery alone.

Emergent Premedication for Contrast Allergy Prior to Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Management of contrast media allergies may lead to treatment delays in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy. The optimal premedication strategy remains unclear. The aim of this report was to analyze our experience with emergent administration of premedication regimens before endovascular therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed prospective data for all patients undergoing endovascular therapy from 2012 to 2019 at an academic comprehensive stroke center. Records of patients with documented contrast allergy were reviewed and analyzed. Data collected included stroke risk factors and characteristics, historical contrast reaction details, premedication regimens administered, and signs or symptoms of allergic reaction developing post-endovascular therapy. Hospital arrival time to endovascular therapy was compared with that in those who did not have a history of contrast allergy. RESULTS: We analyzed 1521 patients undergoing endovascular therapy; 60 (4%) had documented contrast allergies and constituted the study cohort. The median age was 73 years (interquartile range, 66-81 years), and 65% were women. The median time from premedication to contrast was 24 minutes (interquartile range, 0-36 minutes). Forty-three patients (72%) proceeded directly to endovascular therapy; in 17 patients, the first contrast exposure was CTA. Time from hospital arrival to endovascular therapy was not slower for patients with documented allergies (96 versus 134 minutes, P = .32). No patients experienced a contrast media reaction. CONCLUSIONS: In a single-institution cohort study of 60 consecutive patients with documented contrast allergies undergoing endovascular therapy with emergent premedication en route to (or in) the neuroangiography suite, no patients experienced allergic symptoms. This pragmatic approach may be safe for patients who have documented contrast media allergies.

Predicting outcomes after acute reperfusion therapy for basilar artery occlusion.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, despite successful recanalization. The discordance between flow restoration and long-term functional status clouds clinical decision-making regarding further aggressive care. We sought to develop and validate a practical, prognostic tool for the prediction of 3-month favorable outcome after acute reperfusion therapy for BAO. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at four high-volume stroke centers in the USA and Europe. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin scale scores 0-2) and derive a clinically applicable prognostic model (the Pittsburgh Outcomes after Stroke Thrombectomy-Vertebrobasilar (POST-VB) score). The POST-VB score was evaluated and internally validated with regard to calibration and discriminatory ability. External validity was assessed in patient cohorts at three separate centers. RESULTS: In the derivation cohort of 59 patients, independent predictors of favorable outcome included smaller brainstem infarct volume on post-procedure magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.01) and younger age (P = 0.01). POST-VB score was calculated as: age + (10 × brainstem infarct volume). POST-VB score demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.91] and adequate calibration (P = 0.88) in the derivation cohort (Center A). It performed equally well across the three external validation cohorts (Center B, AUC = 0.89; Center C, AUC = 0.78; Center D, AUC = 0.80). Overall, a POST-VB score < 49 was associated with an 88% likelihood of favorable outcome, as compared to 4% with a score ≥ 125. CONCLUSIONS: The POST-VB score effectively predicts 3-month functional outcome following acute reperfusion therapy for BAO and may aid in guiding post-procedural care.

Functional characterization and in vitro screening of Fructobacillus fructosus MCC 3996 isolated from Butea monosperma flower for probiotic potential.

The fructophilic bacterium Fructobacillus fructosus MCC 3996 described in the present investigation was isolated from the nectar of Butea monosperma flower and evaluated in vitro for the manifestation of probiotic features. The strain utilizes fructose faster than glucose and is capable to grow in the range of 1-35% fructose concentration (optimum 5% w/v) and thus denotes its fructophilic nature. In vitro assessments of the strain have examined for the endurance in acidic environment/gastric juice, the better auto-aggregation ability even in the presence of hydrolytic enzymes, co-aggregation with pathogenic bacteria, hydrophobicity properties and no haemolytic activity to elucidate its feasible probiotic use. The significant antagonistic activity against several detrimental bacteria, despite lacking the bacteriocin secretion, is an astonishing feature. Owing to the indigenous origin of the isolate, it could be used as a probiotic, starter culture, and/or the active ingredient of food formulation may contribute to improve the desirable fermentation, long-term storage and nutritional benefits of foods especially rich in fructose. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provided in vitro evidence that Fructobacillus fructosus MCC 3996 have endurance in acidic gastric juice, better co-aggregation, auto-aggregation properties, splendid antagonistic activities against several bacteria involved in food spoilage/human infections, pertinent antibiotic susceptibility profile and no haemolytic activity. Also, F. fructosus have the capability to survive in the appreciable amount of fructose, and this advocates that the strain could be used as starter culture and/or the active ingredient of fructose-rich foods. The current in vitro study provided a strong basis for further in vivo research to identify the health beneficial characteristics of F. fructosus and its potential could be effectively utilized as health-boosting ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Infarct Volume Predicts Hospitalization Costs in Anterior Circulation Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke, one of the most devastating stroke subtypes, is associated with substantial economic burden. We aimed to identify predictors of increased acute care hospitalization costs associated with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive cost-tracking software was used to calculate acute care hospitalization costs for patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke admitted July 2012 to October 2014. Patient demographics and stroke characteristics were analyzed, including final infarct volume on follow-up neuroimaging. Predictors of hospitalization costs were determined using multivariable linear regression including subgroup cost analyses by treatment technique (endovascular, IV tPA-only, and no reperfusion therapy) and sensitivity analyses incorporating patients initially excluded due to early withdrawal of care. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-one patients (median age, 69 years; interquartile range, 57-80 years; median NIHSS score, 16; interquartile range, 13-21) were included in our primary analysis. Final infarct volume, parenchymal hematoma, baseline NIHSS score, ipsilateral carotid stenosis, age, and obstructive sleep apnea were significant predictors of acute care hospitalization costs. Final infarct volume alone accounted for 20.87% of the total cost variance. Additionally, final infarct volume was consistently the strongest predictor of increased cost in primary, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Final infarct volume was the strongest predictor of increased hospitalization costs in anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke. Acute stroke therapies that reduce final infarct volume may not only improve clinical outcomes but may also prove cost-effective.

Acaricidal potency of polyherbal spray against Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum infestation in cattle.

Acaricidal potential of polyherbal spray (Andropogon citrates, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum sanctum, Pinus longifoia, Calotropis procera, Datura stramonium, Aegle marmelos, Ricinus communis, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum, Carica papaya, Annona squamosa and Pongamia glabra) was assessed against tick infestation in cattle on the basis of measurement of tick count, complete blood count and plasma glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin before treatment and 21 days after treatment. Single application of polyherbal spray over body of 20 randomly selected tick infested cattle revealed significant reduction in mean tick count starting from 3 days post treatment till 21 days post treatment. Highly significant (P < 0.01) increase in total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume was observed in treated cows 21 days after application of spray compared to pre-treatment values indicating the reduction in blood loss due to heavy tick infestation before treatment. Plasma biochemical parameters revealed no significant changes in pre-treatment and post treatment values. The results of present study imply the clinical and haematological improvement in tick infested cattle treated with polyherbal spray and it could be potential product for use in livestock as acaricide.

Correlation between Clinical Outcomes and Baseline CT and CT Angiographic Findings in the SWIFT PRIME Trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patient selection for endovascular therapy remains a great challenge in clinic practice. We sought to determine the effect of baseline CT and angiography on outcomes in the Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SWIFT PRIME) trial and to identify patients who would benefit from endovascular stroke therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary end point was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2. Subgroup and classification and regression tree analysis was performed on baseline ASPECTS, site of occlusion, clot length, collateral status, and onset-to-treatment time. RESULTS: Smaller baseline infarct (n = 145) (ASPECTS 8-10) was associated with better outcomes in patients treated with thrombectomy versus IV tPA alone (66% versus 41%; rate ratio, 1.62) compared with patients with larger baseline infarcts (n = 44) (ASPECTS 6-7) (42% versus 21%; rate ratio, 1.98). The benefit of thrombectomy over IV tPA alone did not differ significantly by ASPECTS. Stratification by occlusion location also showed benefit with thrombectomy across all groups. Improved outcomes after thrombectomy occurred in patients with clot lengths of ≥8 mm (71% versus 43%; rate ratio, 1.67). Outcomes stratified by collateral status had a benefit with thrombectomy across all groups: none-fair collaterals (33% versus 0%), good collaterals (58% versus 44%), and excellent collaterals (82% versus 28%). Using a 3-level classification and regression tree analysis, we observed optimal outcomes in patients with favorable baseline ASPECTS, complete/near-complete recanalization (TICI 2b/3), and early treatment (mean mRS, 1.35 versus 3.73), while univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed significantly better results in patients with higher ASPECTS. CONCLUSIONS: While benefit was seen with endovascular therapy across multiple subgroups, the greatest response was observed in patients with a small baseline core infarct, excellent collaterals, and early treatment.

Clinical evaluation of Vatari guggulu, Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila in the management of osteoarthritis knee.

BACKGROUND: In present era, pharmacological, bio-chemical and surgical interventions are not success remedy for Osteoarthritis (OA). Ayurveda and other complementary medicine have medication for OA. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic combination of Vatari guggulu along with Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila with gentle massage for 15 min daily up to 12 weeks on affected knee joint pain assessed on Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was an open label, multicentre, prospective, clinical study conducted on 142 patients of OA Knee. Vatari guggulu 500 mg thrice in a day along with Maharasnadi kwatha 20 ml with equal amount of water twice daily and Narayan taila 20 ml twice in a day for external application with gentle massage for 15 min up to 12 weeks were used to all the study participants. RESULTS: VAS, WOMAC score and clinical symptoms were reduced significantly from baseline to end of the treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides good evidence in support of the efficacy and safety of the Vatari guggulu along with Maharasnadi kwatha and Narayan taila in the management of Osteoarthritis knee.

Evaluation for substitution of stem bark with small branches of Myrica esculenta for medicinal use - A comparative phytochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Over exploitation of many traditional medicinal plants like Myrica esculenta has become a threat and in the near future, many medicinal plants may be unavailable for use of industry. OBJECTIVE: Present study outlines the concept of plant part substitution. Stem bark and small branches of M. esculenta are compared on the basis of physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) to evaluate the possibilities of using small branches in place of stem bark. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Physicochemical parameters and preliminary phytochemical screening were carried out using standard methods. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method, respectively. CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with semi-automatic applicator was used for HPTLC profiling. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of stem bark and small branches were developed in suitable mobile phase using standard procedures and visualized in UV 254 and 366 nm and in white light after derivatization within anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent. RESULTS: Phytochemical analysis and HPTLC profile of different extracts showed the presence of almost similar phytochemicals in both stem bark and small branches. CONCLUSION: Similarities in phytochemical analysis and HPTLC profile of various extracts suggests that small branches may be used in place of stem bark. The study provides the base for further study to use small branches as a substitute of stem bark of M. esculenta.

Regulation of oncogenic KRAS signaling via a novel KRAS-integrin-linked kinase-hnRNPA1 regulatory loop in human pancreatic cancer cells.

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a mediator of aggressive phenotype in pancreatic cancer. On the basis of our finding that knockdown of either KRAS or ILK has a reciprocal effect on the other's expression, we hypothesized the presence of an ILK-KRAS regulatory loop that enables pancreatic cancer cells to regulate KRAS expression. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which this regulatory circuitry is regulated and to investigate the translational potential of targeting ILK to suppress oncogenic KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer. Interplay between KRAS and ILK and the roles of E2F1, c-Myc and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein as intermediary effectors in this feedback loop was interrogated by genetic manipulations through small interfering RNA/short hairpin RNA knockdown and ectopic expression, western blotting, PCR, promoter-luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and pull-down analyses. In vivo efficacy of ILK inhibition was evaluated in two murine xenograft models. Our data show that KRAS regulated the expression of ILK through E2F1-mediated transcriptional activation, which, in turn, controlled KRAS gene expression via hnRNPA1-mediated destabilization of the G-quadruplex on the KRAS promoter. Moreover, ILK inhibition blocked KRAS-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition and growth factor-stimulated KRAS expression. The knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ILK suppressed pancreatic tumor growth, in part, by suppressing KRAS signaling. These studies suggest that this KRAS-E2F1-ILK-hnRNPA1 regulatory loop enables pancreatic cancer cells to promote oncogenic KRAS signaling and to interact with the tumor microenvironment to promote aggressive phenotypes. This regulatory loop provides a mechanistic rationale for targeting ILK to suppress oncogenic KRAS signaling, which might foster new therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer.

Marker-trait association study for protein content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important cool season food legume cultivated in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The objective of the present study was to study variation for protein content in chickpea germplasm, and to find markers associated with it. A set of 187 genotypes comprising both international and exotic collections, and representing both desi and kabuli types with protein content ranging from 13.25% to 26.77% was used. Twenty-three SSR markers representing all eight linkage groups (LG) amplifying 153 loci were used for the analysis. Population structure analysis identified three subpopulations, and corresponding Q values of principal components were used to take care of population structure in the analysis which was performed using general linear and mixed linear models. Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis identified nine significant associations representing four QTLs in the entire population. Subpopulation analyses identified ten significant MTAs representing five QTLs, four of which were common with that of the entire population. Two most significant QTLs linked with markers TR26.205 and CaM1068.195 were present on LG3 and LG5. Gene ontology search identified 29 candidate genes in the region of significant MTAs on LG3. The present study will be helpful in concentrating on LG3 and LG5 for identification of closely linked markers for protein content in chickpea and for their use in molecular breeding programme for nutritional quality improvement.

Ultrasound assisted manufacturing of paraffin wax nanoemulsions: process optimization.

This work reports on the process optimization of ultrasound-assisted, paraffin wax in water nanoemulsions, stabilized by modified sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This work focuses on the optimization of major emulsification process variables including sonication time, applied power and surfactant concentration. The effects of these variables were investigated on the basis of mean droplet diameter and stability of the prepared emulsion. It was found that the stable emulsion with droplet diameters about 160.9 nm could be formed with the surfactant concentration of 10 mg/ml and treated at 40% of applied power (power density: 0.61 W/ml) for 15 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the emulsion droplets. The droplets were solid at room temperature, showing bright spots under polarized light and a spherical shape under SEM. The electrophoretic properties of emulsion droplets showed a negative zeta potential due to the adsorption of head sulfate groups of the SDS surfactant. For the sake of comparison, paraffin wax emulsion was prepared via emulsion inversion point method and was checked its intrinsic stability. Visually, it was found that the emulsion get separated/creamed within 30 min. while the emulsion prepared via ultrasonically is stable for more than 3 months. From this study, it was found that the ultrasound-assisted emulsification process could be successfully used for the preparation of stable paraffin wax nanoemulsions.

Reconstruction of complex soft-tissue defects around the knee joint with distally based split vastus lateralis musculocutaneous flap: a new technique.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to report our experience of using distally based spilt vastus lateralis musculocutaneous flaps for soft-tissue defects around the knee joint - a new technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cadaver dissection studies were conducted in three cadavers to demonstrate perforators entering the lower third of the vastus lateralis muscle arising from the superior lateral genicular artery. Its application in eight clinical cases for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects around the knee joint is reported. RESULTS: Seven out of eight flaps survived well without any flap loss. One flap with a skin island measuring 12 × 20 cm suffered a loss of 2 cm distally. This was later treated with skin grafting. Six out of eight donor sites were closed primarily. Six patients achieved full functional range of motion by 3 months. One patient had a 10° limitation of knee extension. One patient had foot drop due to primary injury and walks with a limping gait. CONCLUSIONS: This flap is a new reconstructive option for knee defects. It can reach distally up to the tibial tuberosity and does not require an intraoperative change of position. The donor site can be closed primarily and is hidden inside the clothing. The function of the knee is not affected as the majority of the muscle is kept in continuity.

S-aryl-L-cysteine sulphoxides and related organosulphur compounds alter oral biofilm development and AI-2-based cell-cell communication.

AIMS: To design and synthesize a library of structurally related, small molecules related to homologues of compounds produced by the plant Petiveria alliacea and determine their ability to interfere with AI-2 cell-cell communication and biofilm formation by oral bacteria. Many human diseases are associated with persistent bacterial biofilms. Oral biofilms (dental plaque) are problematic as they are often associated with tooth decay, periodontal disease and systemic disorders such as heart disease and diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a microplate-based approach, a bio-inspired small molecule library was screened for anti-biofilm activity against the oral species Streptococcus mutans UA159, Streptococcus sanguis 10556 and Actinomyces oris MG1. To complement the static screen, a flow-based BioFlux microfluidic system screen was also performed under conditions representative of the human oral cavity. Several compounds were found to display biofilm inhibitory activity in all three of the oral bacteria tested. These compounds were also shown to inhibit bioluminescence by Vibrio harveyi and were thus inferred to be quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Due to the structural similarity of these compounds to each other, and to key molecules in AI-2 biosynthetic pathways, we propose that these molecules potentially reduce biofilm formation via antagonism of QS or QS-related pathways. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study highlights the potential for a non-antimicrobial-based strategy, focused on AI-2 cell-cell signalling, to control the development of dental plaque. Considering that many bacterial species use AI-2 cell-cell signalling, as well as the increased concern of the use of antimicrobials in healthcare products, such an anti-biofilm approach could also be used to control biofilms in environments beyond the human oral cavity.

Copper(II) complexes of N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(2-Hydroxy-(5-substituted)-benzylidene)-hydrazino]carbonyl}phenyl)benzamide ligands and heterocyclic coligands.

Some copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(L1-3)(phen]·CH2Cl2 (1a-3a) and [Cu(L1-3) (bipy)]·CH2Cl2 (1b-3b) (where L1=N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(2-Hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]carbonyl}phenyl)benzamide, L2=N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(2-Hydroxy-(5-bromo)-benzylidene)-hydrazino]carbonyl}phenyl)benzamide, L3=N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(2-Hydroxy-(5-methoxy)-benzylidene)-hydrazino]carbonyl}phenyl)benzamide; phen=1,10-phenanthroline, bipy=2,2'-bipyridine) have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis and EPR spectral studies. IR spectra indicate that the ligand L1-3 exists in the keto form in the solid state, while at the time of complexation, it tautomerises into enol form. The single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the representative complex [Cu(L1) (phen)]·CH2Cl2 (1a) reveals the distorted square pyramidal geometry around copper(II). Crystal data of (1a): space group=P21/n, a=11.5691(16) Å, b=11.0885(15) Å, c=24.890(4) Å, V=3166.2(8) Å(3), Z=4. The electrochemical behavior of all the complexes indicate that the phen complexes appears at more positive potential as compared to those for bipy complexes, as a consequence of its stronger π acidic character. All the complexes exhibit blue-green emission as a result of the fluorescence from the intra-ligand (π→π(*)) emission excited state.

Development and Validation of High-performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Ursolic Acid in Malus domestica Peel.

Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. It shows hypoglycemic, antiandrogenic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic and cynogenic activity. It is commonly present in plants especially coating of leaves and fruits, such as apple fruit, vinca leaves, rosemary leaves, and eucalyptus leaves. A simple high-performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the quantification of ursolic acid from apple peel (Malus domestica). The samples dissolved in methanol and linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber. The mobile phase was selected as toluene:ethyl acetate:glacial acetic acid (70:30:2). The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r(2)=0.9982 in the concentration range 0.2-7 µg/spot with respect to peak area. According to the ICH guidelines the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for the estimation of ursolic acid.