ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Identification of parenting skills determinants among mothers is an ongoing field of research. AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify the social cognitive predictors of parenting skills among mothers. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Previous studies have demonstrated the health action process approach (HAPA) as a credible frame for predicting behavior, but the number of studies considering the predictive value of parenting skills determinants among mothers is rare. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An 8 months prospective design was applied. Participants were mothers with preschool and early elementary school-aged children. At the 1(st) time, 120 participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding their risk perception, outcome expectancies, task self-efficacy, and intentions toward parenting skills. At the 2(nd) time, they returned a follow-up questionnaire, which measured planning, coping self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy and finally, 8 months later as the 3(rd) time, parenting skills were measured. Path analysis was used for analysis. RESULTS: Path analysis indicated that, in the motivational phase, there was no relationship between parenting skills intention and risk perception, outcome expectancies, and task self-efficacy. Furthermore, no relationship was found between parenting skills intention and planning. In the volitional phase, coping self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, and planning were statistically significant predictors of parenting skills. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that volitional phase of the HAPA model is useful in determining parenting skills. However, the role motivational variables seem to be unimportant in performing these behaviors. It was concluded that everybody intended to apply parenting skills, in nature, and intervention strategies should be focused on turning intentions into behavior.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus Faecalis (E. Faecalis). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared with standard method. After contaminating the canals with E. Faecalis, the samples were divided into one control and four experimental groups (n=10). The teeth in each group were treated with one of the experimental medicaments, including calcium hydroxide (CH), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and nanosilver (NS). In control group, canals were filled with a neutral gel. Microbial samples were obtained from the roots after 7 days and optical density of the cultures was determined after 24 h of incubation. Optical density values were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS: CHX gel and TAP were significantly more effective against E. Faecalis than CH, which was also significantly more efficient than NS and normal saline. In the paper cone samples, CHX gel was more effective than TAP; however, samples obtained with sizes 2 and 4 Gate Glidden drills, indicated that TAP was much more efficient than CHX. Normal saline and NS had similar effects on E. Faecalis. CONCLUSION: NS gel was not efficient enough against E. Faecalis; however, TAP and CHX gel showed better antibacterial efficacy than CH and can be used as an alternative intracanal medicaments in root canal therapies.
ABSTRACT
AIM: MicroRNAs (MiRs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in protein translation, osteoclastogenesis, and immunoregulation. Peri-implantitis and chronic periodontitis are multifactorial diseases. They are the consequence of complex interactions among host response, genetics, and environment. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between MiR146a/MiR499 gene polymorphisms and periodontitis/peri-implantitis as a first report in oral implantology. METHODS: From 197 individuals referred to Periodontology Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School, three groups were enrolled in the assessment: 75 patients in the chronic periodontitis (CP) group, 38 patients in the peri-implantitis (PI) group, and 84 healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples from the arm veins of participants and transferred to KBiosience Institute (Hoddesdon, United Kingdom) for genotyping. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed using SPSS software v.19 for statistical analyses. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies in MiR 146a and MiR 499 were significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: MiR146a (rs2910146) and MiR499 (rs3746444) gene polymorphisms may be genetic determinants for increased risk of chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis in Iranians. More studies with larger sample sizes in different populations are necessary for determining the effect of these SNPs.
Subject(s)
Peri-Implantitis/genetics , Periodontitis/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Iran , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Peri-implantitis (PI) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are multifactorial diseases of implant/tooth supporting tissue that are caused by bacterial infection and increased host immune response. T-cell proliferation plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of host response to bacterial infection. BRAF is a positive regulator of T-cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the role of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the BRAF gene in association to PI and CP. METHODS: A total of 194 individuals referred to the Periodontology Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran, were divided into three groups: 74 patients in the CP group (39 men and 35 women, with mean age of 48.3 years), 38 patients in the PI group (20 men and 18 women, with mean age of 50.2 years), and 82 patients in the healthy periodontium group (39 men and 43 women, with mean age of 45.4 years). DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples collected from the arm vein of participants and was transferred to KBiosience institute (United Kingdom) for genotyping. χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted using SPSS software v. 19 for statistical analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: The allele (C/T) and genotype (CC, CT, TT) frequencies had insignificant differences among the three groups; however, the CC genotype was more prevalent in the healthy condition than in the disease conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The BRAF gene polymorphism (rs10487888) may not be a genetic determinant for increasing the risk of CP and PI among the Iranian population. More studies with more sample size in different populations are necessary for determining the effect of this SNP.
