ABSTRACT
The performance of the malaria rapid diagnostic test OnSite-for detecting pan specific pLDH and Plasmodium falciparum specific HRP2 - was assessed during the malaria transmission peak period in Miandrivazo, in the southwestern part of Madagascar from April 20 to May 6, 2010. At the laboratory, the quality control OnSite Malaria Rapid Test according to the WHO/TDR/FIND method demonstrated that the test had good sensitivity. Of the 218 OnSite tests performed at the Miandrivazo Primary Health Center on patients with fever or a recent history of fever, four (1.8%, 95% CI: 0.6-4.9%) were invalid. Ninety four (43,1%) cases of malaria were confirmed by microscopy, of which 90 were P. falciparum malaria and 4 Plasmodium vivax malaria. With a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.94, the agreement between microscopy and OnSite is excellent. Compared with the rapid test CareStart™ commonly used within the public health structures in Madagascar, the sensitivity and specificity of the OnSite test were 97.9% and 96.8%.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods , Malaria/diagnosis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, Protozoan/analysis , Antigens, Protozoan/genetics , Blood Chemical Analysis/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/standards , Female , Humans , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Madagascar , Malaria/genetics , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Middle Aged , Protozoan Proteins/analysis , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Quality Control , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Young AdultSubject(s)
Antimalarials/pharmacology , Chloroquine/pharmacology , Drug Resistance/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Mutation , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Animals , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Chloroquine/therapeutic use , Humans , Madagascar , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology , Membrane Transport Proteins , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Plasmodium falciparum/genetics , Protozoan ProteinsABSTRACT
A longitudinal study was carried out in Madagascar, the most important focus of chromoblastomycosis (P. Esterre, A. Andriantsimahavandy, E. Ramarcel, and J. L. Pecarrere, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55:45-47, 1996), to investigate natural immunity to this disease. Sequential blood samples were obtained before, during, and at the end of a successful therapeutic trial with terbinafine, a new antifungal drug. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot methods, detailed analyses of antibody concentration and antigen mapping were conducted for 136 serum samples and tentatively correlated to epidemiological and pathobiological data. Two different cytoplasmic antigens, corresponding to the two fungal species involved (Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii), were used to analyze the distribution of different classes of immunoglobulins. This was done with respect to the origin of the isolates, clinical and pathobiological. Although strong individual variations were noticed, some major antigens (one of 18.5 kDa specific for F. pedrosoi and two of 23.5 and 33 kDa, respectively, specific for C. carrionii) corresponded to high antibody prevalence and concentration. As some antigenic components were also detected by immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies, the role that these specific antibodies could play in the immune response is discussed.
