COVID-19, body weight and the neighbourhood: food system dimensions and consumption associated with changes in body weight of Peruvian adults during first wave lockdowns.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess changes in the dimensions of the food system and consumption associated with body weight variations during the first month's lockdown in Peruvian adults in Metropolitan Lima. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted during the first months of lockdowns in Peru. 694 adults completed a web-based survey about changes experienced in the process of acquiring food during lockdown, changes in their intake and self-perceived body weight. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with changes in body weight. Results: Weight gain was perceived in 38% of the participants and 22.8% perceived weight loss. 39.2% did not perceive changes in their weight. Risk factors for body weight gain were increased alcohol consumption (OR=4.510, 95% CI 1.764 to 11.531) and decreased fruit consumption (OR=2.129, 95% CI 1.290 to 3.515), while decreasing cereal intake (OR=0.498, 95% CI 0.269 to 0.922) and choosing nutritious food as a driver for purchase (OR=0.512, 95% CI 0.320 to 0.821) were found to be protective against gaining weight. Decreasing food intake during the pandemic (OR=2.188, 95% CI 1.348 to 3.550) and having to miss important foods (OR=2.354, 95% CI 1.393 to 3.978), were associated with weight loss. Conclusions: During confinement, weight gain was mostly associated with food consumption and personal food system factors. Meanwhile, weight loss was associated with external food system factors.

Análisis del modelo multicausal sobre el nivel de la anemia en niños de 6 a 35 meses en Perú / Analysis of the multicausal model of anemia level in children 6-35 months old in Peru

Introducción: La anemia ferropénica en niños de 6 a 35 meses es un problema de Salud Pública severa. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del nivel de anemia y sus factores asociados en niños menores de tres años utilizando un modelo multicausal en la población peruana. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio de nivel explicativo a través de un análisis secundario con los datos de la base de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del 2019. La variable principal fue el nivel de anemia utilizando el Hemocue® para su medición. Se consideraron valores ponderados; frecuencias, porcentajes, bondad de ajuste y un modelo de regresión ordinal. Resultados: Un 40.20% de niños menores de tres años presentaron anemia. Los factores como presencia de diarrea (OR=1,30), 12 meses de vida (OR: 3,33), no iniciar el control prenatal (OR:1,19), sexo masculino (OR: 1.25), madre con anemia (OR: 1.75), madre de 15 a 24 años (OR: 1.94), pozo de tierra como fuente de agua (OR: 1,53), lengua materna aymara (OR: 2,31) se asociaron al nivel de anemia. Conclusiones: Entre los factores de riesgo asociados a la anemia según el modelo multicausal resultan la diarrea en las últimas dos semanas como factor inmediato, entre los subyacentes son edad del niño, fuente de agua poTable, control prenatal, anemia y edad de la mujer. Asimismo, los factores protectores corresponden al amamantamiento por alguna vez y quintil de riqueza superior. (AU)