Self-Care Instruments to Measure Nutrition Practices in Children and Parents: Psychometric Analysis.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of English and Spanish instruments that measure the nutrition behavior and practices of children and their parents. Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory was used in this methodological study. A convenience sample of 333 children and 262 mothers participated from two schools in Washington, D.C. and two schools in Santiago, Chile. Principal component analysis indicated three component per instrument corresponding to Orem's Theory of operations demonstrating construct validity of the instrument. The study findings showed evidence for validity and reliability of the English and Spanish versions and indicated that the instruments appropriately represented Orem's operations. The results have implications for the development of health behavior measurement instruments that are valid, reliable, designed for children, culturally appropriate, and efficient. Measuring the nutrition behavior of children and parents is critical for determining the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs. Furthermore, instruments are needed so that researchers can compare corresponding child and parent behaviors or compare behaviors across cultures.

Efectos de una intervención on line en conductas de autocuidado asociadas a la alimentación / Effects of an intervention on line in self-care feeding behavior

Resultados del proyecto “Prevención del sobrepeso y de la obesidad en escolares chilenos: Apuesta a la capacidad emprendedora de los niños” (FONIS SA10I20016) en respuesta a la interrogante: ¿Es posible contribuir al cambio de conductas asociadas a sobrepeso y obesidad a través de una intervención diseñada para este fin? Material y Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental en niños/as de 5º y 6º año básico de colegios municipalizados, comuna La Pintana, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Previa obtención de consentimiento informado, se seleccionaron mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado 6 colegios para grupo estudio n=442 y 6 colegios para grupo control n=328. La intervención, con apoyo de software en página Web, se realizó en función del auto diagnóstico de conductas asociadas a la alimentación, identificadas con el instrumento Moore Index Nutrition-Child (MIN-C©), diseñado de acuerdo al marco conceptual de la Teoría de Déficit de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. El análisis de resultados utilizó pruebas paramétricas con software R 2012. Resultados: Existe efecto positivo del número de ingresos al sitio web sobre las conductas observadas en el post test comparadas con las del pretest en el grupo intervenido. Conclusión: El efecto de la intervención fue estadísticamente significativo para las conductas estudiadas, en los niños/as que utilizaron el software 8 y más veces. El marco teórico de Orem permite el diseño de una intervención dirigida a motivar el cambio de conductas asociadas a una alimentación saludable (AU)

Results of the project "Prevention of overweight and obesity in Chilean school children: A bet on the enterprising capacity of children" (FONIS SA10I20016), in response to the question: Is it possible to help change behaviors associated with overweight and obesity through an intervention designed for this purpose? Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study in 5th and 6th grade children of primary municipal schools, La Pintana, Metropolitan Region, Chile. After obtaining informed consent, 6 schools were selected by random cluster sampling for the study group n = 442 and 6 schools for control group n = 328. The intervention, with software supported in Web page, was performed according to the auto diagnostics of behaviors associated with feeding, identified with the Moore-Child Nutrition Index (MIN-C ©) instrument. The analysis of results used parametric tests with R 2012. Results: There is a positive effect of number of times entered to the website on behaviors observed in the post test compared with the pretest in the intervention group. Conclusion: The effect of the intervention was statistically significant for the studied behaviors, in children who used the software 8 times or more (AU)

Maternal-child nutrition practices and pediatric overweight/obesity in the United States and Chile: a comparative study.

Childhood overweight/obesity is now epidemic in both developed countries and those undergoing economic transition. This study compared maternal and school-age child nutrition practices and body mass index in the United States and in Chile. Children (125 in the United States, 121 in Chile) and their mothers (116 in the United States, 101 in Chile) participated. Findings indicated that child nutrition practices were comparable, but mothers in the U.S. group demonstrated fewer healthy nutrition practices on behalf of their children. Significant associations were found between maternal and child nutrition practices. Substantially more children in the U.S. sample were overweight/obese. Implications for practice are presented.

MeKuido: programa on line para prevenir el sobrepeso en escolares, bajo el marco de referencia de Orem / MeKuido: online program to prevent overweight in schoolchildren, under Orem’s framework

El programa MeKuido se elaboró para trabajar con niños/as escolares de 5º y 6º año de educación general básica, de colegios municipalizados de la comuna La Pintana, Región Metropolitana de Chile, con la finalidad de contribuir desde la disciplina de enfermería a la prevención de la malnutrición por exceso. Se construyó de acuerdo al marco de referencia de la Teoría de Déficit de Autocuidado de Orem y se orientó al cambio positivo de conductas de autocuidado asociadas a la alimentación y su correspondiente correlato a las prácticas familiares. En este artículo se da a conocer la construcción del programa MeKuido, su relación con Moore Index Nutrition (MIN-C©) instrumento con el cual se evalúan las prácticas de autocuidado asociados a la alimentación, y una síntesis de la experiencia adquirida con su aplicación, en el contexto del proyecto Fonis Prevención del sobrepeso y de la obesidad en escolares chilenos: Apuesta a la capacidad emprendedora de los niños.

MeKuido program was developed to work with 5 th and 6 th grade school children of municipal schools in La Pintana Commune, Metropolitan Region of Chile, with the aim of contributing to prevent malnutrition due to excess, from the discipline of nursing. It was built according to Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory framework and focused on the positive change of self-care behaviors associated with food and their corresponding correlation to family practices. This article describes the construction of MeKuido program, its relationship with Moore Index Nutrition (MIN - C ©) instrument, which assesses self-care practices associated with food, and a synthesis of the experience gained with its implementation in the context of the Fonis Project: Prevención del sobrepeso y de la obesidad en escolares chilenos: Apuesta a la capacidad emprendedora de los niños.

Relación entre prácticas alimentarias reportadas por niños chilenos y preferencias de los padres para su consumo / Relationship between reported dietary practices of Chilean children and their parents preferences for their consumption

The objective of this study was to examine agreement between parental preferences and self-reported food intake in Chilean children. In 2008,152 pairs, of 8 to 13 year old schoolchildren and their parents in Santiago were surveyed. Children self-reported their frequency of consumption of foods from various food groups. Parents reported how often they preferred their children to consume foods from these same food groups. Children reported consuming more sweets, high-calorie snacks, and fruit, and fewer grains than their parents reported preferring them to consume. Girls, 10 and 11 year olds, and children who watched television and used the computer for less than 2 hours per day had dietary patterns most closely aligned with their parents' reported preferences. Children 's dietary reports generally follow parental preferences. Intervention programs should include programs that facilitate parental guidance and encourage children to make healthy food choices at home and in school.

Se estudia concordancia entre preferencias de padres y auto-reporte de niños chilenos en consumo de alimentos. En 2008, se encuestaron 152 escolares ente 8 y 13 años de edad y sus padres, en Santiago, Chile. Los niños reportaron frecuencia de consumo de diferentes grupos de alimentos y los padres, frecuencia con que prefieren que sus hijos los consuman. Los niños informaron mayor consumo de dulces, colaciones altas en calorías y frutas y menor consumo de cereales, que lo declarado por sus padres. Los patrones alimentarios más estrechamente alineados con lo reportado por los padres se observan en: niñas; edades entre 10 y 11 años; ver televisión y utilizar computador menos de 2 horas diarias. En general, lo reportado por niños sigue los patrones de los padres. Programas de intervención debieran incluir guía a padres y estimulo a niños para elegir opciones alimentarias saludables en el hogar y en la escuela.

Atención primaria en Salud / Primary health care

La presente edición, cuyo tema central es la Atención Primaria de Salud, incluye investigaciones y revisión de literatura sobre variedad de tópicos. Cabe destacar entre ellos, problemas de actual relevancia en salud como el tabaquismo como factores de riesgos de enfermedades crónicas.

Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Self-Care Performance Questionnaire: psychometric testing.

This methodological study sought to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Self-Care Performance Questionnaire originally developed by Moore (1995). In this study, the questionnaire, written originally in English, was translated into Spanish, and some items were adapted for the Latin American culture. The instrument was administered to 536 children of moderate socioeconomic status, ages 10 to 15 years, living in Chile. Evidence for reliability and validity involved examining Coefficient Alpha for the total scale and each of the subscales, item analysis, and factor analysis with varimax rotation. Coefficient alpha for the total scale (35 items) was 0.82, similar to the reliability reported by Moore (1995) for the original instrument. Factor analysis supported eight factors. Use of the instrument in Central and South America may assist in determining self-care practices of Latin American children and the effect of interventions to improve such practices.

Health preferences and decision-making needs of disadvantaged women.

AIM: This paper reports the results of a survey of disadvantaged women in La Pintana, a municipality of Santiago, Chile, to determine their health decision-making needs. BACKGROUND: Research is needed as there is no published community-based study focusing specifically on health decision-making needs of disadvantaged women. METHODS: From April to November 1999, we conducted a cross-sectional interview survey of women registered at primary healthcare centres in La Pintana, an impoverished municipality of Santiago, Chile. RESULTS: The survey participants were 554 adult women over 15 years of age. Seventy-five percent reported making current health-related decisions. Types of decisions were primarily about navigation: where, when and from whom to seek care. The most common role in decision-making was sharing the decision with others, specifically husbands and other family members. Fifty-four percent experienced decisional conflict or uncertainty about options. Those reporting more manifestations of decisional conflict were more likely to lack information on available options, pros and cons of the options, and chances of benefits and harms associated with the options; they were also more likely to be unclear about what was important to them, to feel pressure from others, lack skill or ability in decision-making and be older. The most common strategies used when making all types of decisions were obtaining information on options and recommendations, and getting support from others. Participants preferred to receive information about options through counselling from their physicians, rather than nurses, from printed materials and from discussion groups of people facing the same decision. CONCLUSION: The majority of disadvantaged women were actively involved in decision-making and needed decision support to navigate the healthcare system. Nurses should play a more pivotal role in providing health decision support. This study needs to be replicated in other countries and cultural contexts.