Clinical Study of An Ayurvedic Compound (Divyadi Yoga) in the Management of Shayyamutrata (enuresis).

Child health has assumed great significance in all over world. Its importance is being realized more and more by pediatricians and general public in developing as well as developed countries. Enuresis is defined as the voluntary or involuntary repeated discharge of urine into clothes or bed after a developmental age when bladder control should be established. The present clinical study was planned to evaluate the effect of Divyadi Yoga along with counseling in the management of Shayyamutra. Total 40 selected cases were divided into two groups, i.e. 20 in each group. One group of children were given the trial drug Divyadi Yoga (D(1)) with counseling and other group of children were given placebo Divyadi Yoga (D(2)) with counseling. Divyadi Yoga was given in the dose of 3-6 gms. twice a day with luke warm water. The result of the study showed that groups provided a highly significant.

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of Khadiradi yoga avachoornana in Kachchu with special reference to genitoinguinal intertrigo.

Kachchu is a simple localized dermatological infection of the genitoinguinal region, which occurs because of unhygienic observance, and manifests in the form of inflammation followed by secondary bacterial or fungal infections that can be best correlated to genitoinguinal intertrigo. Even though it rarely causes systemic manifestations, its mere presence itself is disturbing because of intractable itching and pain. It may delay the proper healing of the episiotomy wound and may cause difficulty in walking because of severe pain. Candida powder is the highest selling medicine for the intertrigo, as the incidence of intertrigo is as high as 40% in some particular seasons. In the Ayurveda fraternity, there is no established preparation that can be preserved safely in all the epochs of life in females and which is easy to apply. After understanding the disease in the perspective of the ayurvedic and modern medicinal systems, Khadiradi yoga choorna - a new ayurvedic formulation - was prepared on the basis of stringent ayurvedic principles. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the efficacy of the khadiradi yoga avachurnana(1) in Kachchu, with special reference to genitoinguinal intertrigo in females.

99Tcm-citrate: a new bone imaging radiopharmaceutical.

99Tcm-citrate has been shown to incorporate irreversibly in the skeleton with a biodistribution different to that on a conventional bone scan. The aims of this study were to confirm the bone-imaging properties of 99Tcm-citrate, to identify the variabilities influencing its skeletal uptake, to compare its uptake in bone with that of 99Tcm-MDP and to assess its possible role in bone scintigraphy. Appropriate animal and human studies (n = 45) were conducted. The 3 h lesion-to-bone ratio of 99Tcm-citrate was compared with that of 99Tcm-MDP in more than 150 lesions, including osteoblastic sites (Group A), lesions undergoing treatment or healing (Group B), and degenerative or old healed lesions (Group C). The uptake ratio was classified as concordant (< 20% variation), mildly discordant (20-50% variation) or significantly discordant (> 50% variation). Animal experiments showed most bone uptake of 99Tcm-citrate when prepared at a pH of 6.0-6.5. The two radiopharmaceuticals appeared to compete for bone uptake, suggesting related but different sites of bone accumulation. The 99Tcm-citrate/99Tcm-MDP uptake ratio in Group A was concordant (mean +/- S.D. = 0.92 +/- 0.15), while Group C lesions had a significantly lower 99Tcm-citrate/99Tcm-MDP uptake ratio (0.34 +/- 0.24, P < 0.01). A comparison of Group B lesions showed wide variation in intensity and area of involvement in many lesions (uptake ratio < 0.5 or > 1.5 in 13 of 30 sites). We conclude that 99Tcm-citrate has a different site of bone localization than phosphonates, possibly in the organic matrix. Although its skeletal uptake is lower than that of 99Tcm-MDP, it may have better specificity in differentiating osteoblastic from degenerated or healed bony lesions, and therefore be useful in predicting healing of bone secondaries, fractures or osteomyelitic lesions.

Trends in the treatment of acute diarrhoeas in infancy.

PIP: Focus is on studies of acute diarrheal diseases that have been conducted at the Pediatric Center in Bombay, India and at other Indian centers. The objective is to present the picture of acute diarrheal disease in infancy as seen in a large developing country like India. Of a total admission of 16,252 cases over a 5-year period, 2835 were of acute diarrhea, constituting 17.3% of the total admissions. 89.1% of these cases occurred under age 2; 10.9% were in the age group of 3-12 years. There were 440 deaths in 2835 cases, i.e. the mortality rate in diarrhea was 15.5%, but it varied from 12-19% in a 5-year period. Of a total of 2088 deaths due to all cases in a 5-year period, diarrhea was responsible for 21%. Bacteriological and virological studies in a series of 642 cases studied throughtout India showed pathogenic organisms in 19.7% to 69.7% of cases and non-pathogenic organisms 15.2% to 80.3%. Bacteriological and virological studies of the stools revealed presence of specific type of E. coli in majority, and shigella, strepto- and staphylococci in a few cases. The incidence of malnutrition is very high in acute diarrhea and the importance of correction of nutritional deficits cannot be over stressed. The great hope lies in prevention of diarrhea by improvement in nutrition of children, prevention of malnutrition, improved sanitation, environmental conditions and health education.^ieng