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1.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 21(11): 1123-1136, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32450022

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluates the antiarthritic effect of hydroethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida, which was tested against adjuvant induced arthritis in rat models. Arthritis was induced by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant into the subplantar surface of left paw of rats. The extract was given orally at doses 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/kg and piroxicam was administered intraperitonially (4 mg/kg). In vitro testing on parameters including antiproteinestrase, albumin denaturation and heat induce hemolysis was also carried out. There was significant decrease (p < 0.001) in proteinase activity and membrane stabilization in vivo studies on cv. Florida extract treated rats showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in paw volume, joint diameter, and spontaneous change in body weight recorded for 21 days. The treatment also resulted in an increase in rats' gripping activity compared with arthritic control rats. X-ray examinations showed a decrease in joint swelling. Histopathological examination of the extract treated group showed a significant decrease in joint space. There was also an increase in antibody levels. The antioxidant parameters showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities. Thus P. ostreatus cv. Florida extract demonstrates a potent antioxidant activity in a rat model. It is concluded that the P. ostreatus cv. Florida extract contains medicinally important constituents that show antiarthritic activity in rats.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Arthritis/therapy , Biological Therapy/methods , Complex Mixtures/administration & dosage , Pleurotus/chemistry , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Arthritis/chemically induced , Arthritis/pathology , Body Weight , Complex Mixtures/isolation & purification , Disease Models, Animal , Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage , Histocytochemistry , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Piroxicam/administration & dosage , Rats , Treatment Outcome
2.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol ; 18(1): 39-44, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25745309

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Cerebral hemiatrophy is a common childhood disease. It clinically manifests with seizures, hemiparesis and mental retardation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, previously untreated patients with seizures and cerebral hemiatrophy were recruited. Cerebral hemiatrophy was diagnosed on the basis of hemispheric ratio. Patients with acquired hemiconvulsion, hemiplegia, and epilepsy (HHE) syndrome were included in group A. Group B included patients with congenital HHE syndrome. Patients were followed up for 6 months for seizure recurrence. RESULTS: Out of 42 patients 26 were in group A and 16 were in group B. After 6 months, there was significant reduction in seizure frequency (P < 0.0001) in both the groups. At least 50% reduction in seizure frequency was noted in all the patients. Complete seizure freedom was observed in 15 (35.7%) patients. Seizure recurrences were significantly higher (P = 0.008) in group A. On univariate analysis, predictors of seizure recurrences were history of febrile seizures (P = 0.013), hippocampal sclerosis (P = 0.001), thalamic atrophy (P = 0.001), basal ganglia atrophy (P = 0.001), cerebellar atrophy (P = 0.01), ventricular dilatation (P = 0.001), epileptiform discharges at presentation (P = 0.023), complex partial seizures (P = 0.006) and status epilepticus (P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, hemispheric ratio was the only significant factor for seizure recurrence. CONCLUSION: Patients with congenital hemiatrophy had better seizure control than that in patients with HHE syndrome.

3.
Neurology ; 81(18): e135-6, 2013 Oct 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24166968

ABSTRACT

A 30-year-old woman presented with headache and diminution of vision of 2 weeks' duration. Visual acuity was finger counting at 1 meter in the right eye. Fundus examination showed a subretinal cyst (figure 1A). Neurologic examination was normal. Neuroimaging revealed neurocysticercosis (figure 2A). Ultrasound orbit showed subretinal cysticercosis (figure 2B). The patient was started on steroids and laser photocoagulation was recommended.


Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Cysts/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neuroimaging , Retina/pathology , Adult , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans
4.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20132013 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23912657

ABSTRACT

A middle age woman who had frequent migraines was admitted with memory loss following severe unilateral headache, restlessness and confusion. Investigations including haematology, biochemistry, cerebrospinal fluid analysis serology and imaging were normal. As she had frequent migraines with a history of ophthalmoplegic migraine, acute confusional migraine was thought of as a possibility. The patient responded dramatically to intravenous sodium valproate. We report this case to emphasise that acute confusional migraine, a rare variant of migraine, is occasionally encountered in adults and prompt recognition will lead to appropriate management.


Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/classification
5.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20132013 Jun 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23814197

ABSTRACT

A 16-year-old girl was admitted with insidious onset, gradually progressive spastic sensori-motor paraparesis, with a sensory level at D10 dermatome without bowel or bladder involvement for the last 2 months following trivial trauma on the lower back. MRI of the spine showed a low-to-intermediate signal intensity, heterogeneous mass with multiple fluid levels. A diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst was made. A D8-D9 laminectomy with near total excision of mass was performed. Histopathology of the mass showed cyst cavity filled with haemorrhage surrounded by bony trabeculae confirming the diagnosis. Following excision the patient had excellent recovery. We report this case owing to its rarity and to emphasise the importance of surgery if there is cord compression.


Subject(s)
Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology , Spinal Diseases/diagnosis , Thoracic Vertebrae , Adolescent , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/complications , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/surgery , Female , Humans , Laminectomy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spinal Cord Compression/surgery , Spinal Diseases/complications , Spinal Diseases/surgery
6.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20132013 Jun 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23749858

ABSTRACT

Hepatic myelopathy is a rare neurological complication of chronic liver disease, which is usually seen in adults, presenting as pure motor spastic paraparesis. It is almost always associated with portosystemic shunts and hepatic decompensation. We report a rare case of a young adult man presenting as rapidly progressive spastic quadriparesis because of hepatic myelopathy and associated spontaneous splenorenal shunt and early hepatic decompensation.


Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Adult , Chronic Disease , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Humans , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Liver Diseases/therapy , Male , Quadriplegia , Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology , Spinal Cord Diseases/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome
7.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20132013 Jan 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23355567

ABSTRACT

An 8-year-old girl presented to the neurology department with a complaint of insidious onset of left-sided ptosis and restricted elevation of the left eye. A CT scan orbit and brain revealed a ring-enhancing lesion in the levator palpebral superioris (LPS) and superior rectus (SR) muscle complex of the left eye and left parietal and right temporal region. She was started on steroid, followed by albendazole with improvement. The LPS/SR complex is the least common site of involvement among extraocular muscles in ocular cysticercosis. Specially, with brain neurocysticercosis (NCC), it is extremely rare. We report an unusual association of multiple brain NCC with ocular cysticercosis involving LPS and SR muscle.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/parasitology , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Oculomotor Muscles/parasitology , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Anticestodal Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharoptosis/parasitology , Brain Diseases/drug therapy , Child , Cysticercosis/complications , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/drug therapy , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/drug therapy , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Radiography
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