ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible nephrotoxic effects of iohexol in patients with normal and impaired renal function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective urographic study using iohexol (50 ml, 300 mg I/ml) was performed in 100 patients, 63 with impaired renal function (IRF) and 37 with normal renal function (NRF). The group included 24 patients with diabetes mellitus, 17 of them with IRF. Renal function parameters and adverse events were recorded for one week after the urography. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, or beta-2-microglobulin. The 24-h urine protein excretion showed a statistically significant increase in patients with NRF as well as in patients with IRF. Nine patients experienced adverse events but none of them required any treatment. CONCLUSION: Iohexol was tolerated well in patients with NRF and in patients with IRF without significant overall nephrotoxic effects. Some minor adverse events were recorded.
Subject(s)
Contrast Media/adverse effects , Iohexol/adverse effects , Kidney/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/urine , Female , Humans , Iohexol/pharmacokinetics , Kidney/physiology , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Time Factors , UrographyABSTRACT
Twenty-eight children referred with a preliminary diagnosis of autistic disorder under age 3 yrs were extensively examined from the neuropsychiatric point of view and followed up for several months to several years. A diagnosis of autistic disorder was confirmed in 75% of the cases. A variety of associated medical conditions was identified. It was concluded that autism can be diagnosed in a substantial proportion of cases before age 3 yrs and that the neurobiological background is similar to that seen in older autistic children.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Referral and Consultation , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Child Development , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Rett Syndrome/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
The Nordic countries were screened for the occurrence of cases of autism with a same-sexed twin under age 25 years. Twenty-one pairs (11 monozygotic and 10 dizygotic) of twins and one set of identical triplets were found and extensively examined. The concordance for autism by pair was 91% in the monoygotic and 0% in the dizygotic pairs. The corresponding concordances for cognitive disorder were 91% and 30%, respectively. In most of the pairs discordant for autism, the autistic twin had more perinatal stress. The results lend support for the notion that autism sometimes has a hereditary component and that perinatal stress is involved in some cases.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/genetics , Diseases in Twins , Adolescent , Adult , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Brain Damage, Chronic/genetics , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/genetics , Child, Preschool , Female , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Humans , Iceland , Learning Disabilities/genetics , Male , Risk Factors , Scandinavian and Nordic Countries , Social Environment , Twins, Dizygotic , Twins, MonozygoticSubject(s)
Administrative Personnel , Nurses , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Humans , SwedenABSTRACT
Seventeen children with classical Kanner autism and three children with Asperger syndrome, all of whom had Full-scale IQs above 65, were subjected to a neurobiological assessment, including CAT scan, auditory brainstem response, EEG, chromosomal cultures, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine examinations and a thorough physical examination. 15 of the 20 children had 'definite abnormalities' on at least one of these examinations. It is concluded that the number of cases of 'non-organic' autism, even among children with relatively higher intelligence, dwindles rapidly as our neurobiological assessment methods become increasingly sophisticated.
