Association of olfactory function with the intensity of self-reported physical activity in adults with type 1 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION    Olfactory function is impaired in patients with type 1 diabetes and can be recognized as a form of diabetic neuropathy. Physical activity has various beneficial effects on type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVES    The aim of this study was to assess a relation between physical activity and olfactory function in patients with type 1 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS    We enrolled 120 patients with type 1 diabetes referred to an outpatient diabetes clinic. Patients with diabetes duration of less than 5 years, age above 65 years, concomitant diabetic ketoacidosis, and those using drugs affecting nasal mucosa were excluded. The final study sample included 90 patients. A control group comprised 22 healthy participants. Olfactory function was assessed using 12 odor­emitting apens called Sniffin' Sticks. Physical activity was measured using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ­SF). RESULTS    There was a significant difference in the occurrence of hyposmia between diabetic patients and healthy controls (70.0% vs 45.5%, respectively; P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in IPAQ­SF results between the groups. Moreover, IPAQ­SF results correlated positively with olfactory test scores (r = 0.25; P = 0.02) and negatively with age. Additionally, patients with retinopathy and autonomic neuropathy obtained lower IPAQ­SF scores than patients without those complications. A stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis indicated IPAQ scores, body mass index, and peripheral neuropathy as predictors of the olfactory test score (R = 0.2).  CONCLUSIONS    Our study confirms the beneficial role of physical activity in type 1 diabetes within the structures of the central nervous system.

[Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on glutathione in rat muscles]. / Wplyw pola magnetycznego o ekstremalnie niskiej czestotliwosci na zawartosc glutationu w miesniu poprzecznie prazkowanym szczura.

BACKGROUND: Free radicals (FR) are atoms, molecules or their fragments. Their excess leads to the development of oxidizing stress, the cause of many neoplastic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, and aging of the organism. Industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic field are the major FR exogenous sources. The low frequency magnetic field is still more commonly applied in the physical therapy. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field used in the magnetotherapy on the level of total glutathione, oxidized and reduced, and the redox state of the skeletal muscle cells, depending on the duration of exposure to magnetic field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The male rats, weight of 280-300 g, were randomly devided into 3 experimental groups: controls (group I) and treatment groups exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) (group II exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 0.5 h/day for 14 days and group III exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 1 h/day for 14 days). Control rats were kept in a separate room not exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field. Immediately after the last exposure, part of muscles was taken under pentobarbital anesthesia. Total glutathione, oxidized and reduced, and the redox state in the muscle tissue of animals were determined after exposure to magnetic fields. RESULTS: Exposure to low magnetic field: 40 Hz, 7 mT for 30 min/day and 60 min/day for 2 weeks significantly increased the total glutathione levels in the skeletal muscle compared to the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to magnetic fields used in the magnetic therapy plays an important role in the development of adaptive mechanisms responsible for maintaining the oxidation-reduction balance in the body and depends on exposure duration.

[Prevalence of autoimmune diseases and microangiopathy in children with diabetes type 1 over the years 2000-2010]. / Wystepowanie chorób autoimmunizacyjnych oraz mikroangiopatii u dzieci z cukrzyca typu 1 w latach 2000-2010.

INTRODUCTION: In the past decade the number of patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has increased rapidly. Treatment of the disease is focused on proper physical development and the prevention of complications. Aim of the study was to analyze changes in the treatment and clinical picture of type 1 diabetes in children over the years 2000 to 2010 with particular emphasis on the presence of autoimmune diseases and microangiopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 567 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes under the care of outpatient diabetes clinic. We compared 251 children, diabetes outpatient clinic patients in 2000, with 316 children in 2010. Data were obtained from the outpatient and hospital records. We compared baseline demographic, anthropometric data, treatment regimen, type of insulin, metabolic control, prevalence of autoimmune diseases and microangipathy. RESULTS: In 2010 there was a reduction in the age of diagnosis of diabetes from 10 to 8 years (p=0.039). Significantly increased the proportion of children treated with CSII (up to 60.1%) and decreased the percentage of children using conventional insulin for the benefit of insulin analogs. The increase in HbA1c from 7.4 to 8.0% (p<0.001) has been shown and increase in proportion of patients with HbA1c >7.5% in 2010. The percentage of children with obesity increased from 5.2 to 13.7% (p=0.004) and there was a significant increase in SDS-BMI. The percentage of children with autoimmune diseases such as celiac (from 0,4 to 7,3%, p<0,001) and thyroid (from 6.9 to 21.3%, p<0.001) has increased. The incidence of retinopathy decreased from 6 to 1% (p=0.04), and albuminuria decreased insignificantly. CONCLUSIONS: Over the last decade, a significant change in the method of treatment in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has occurred. The deterioration of metabolic control, despite the frequent use in the treatment of CSII, may be due to increased frequency of obesity and additional autoimmune diseases in today´s patients. More similar to physiologic way of insulin infusion in nowadays treatment may influence the decrease in the prevalence of retinopathy.

[Analysis of body composition with the use of bioimpedance in children with type 1 diabetes]. / Analiza skladu ciala z uzyciem metody bioimpedancji u dzieci z cukrzyca typu 1.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with diagnosed type 1 diabetes are a group particularly exposed to cardiovascular complications related to obesity. According to some previous data, one of the useful methods to analyze body composition may be a method of bioelectrical impedance. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this research was to make an attempt of finding a correlation between anthropometric indicators and results of lipids profile and data obtained from bioelectrical impedance tests in children with diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research sample comprised of 104 children with diabetes type 1 and 313 children without diabetes (a reference group). Anthropometric measurements were made in both groups. Furthermore data from lipids profile results was collected, as well as data from bioelectrical impedance analysis, such as: percentage and quantity (in kilograms) content of adipose tissue, fat-free body mass and total water content in the body. RESULTS: The tested and the reference groups were not different in respect of percentage content of adipose tissue, fat mass, fat-free body mass and total water content in the body. Substantially lower fat mass was noticed among children with overweight or obesity and diabetes than in the control children with overweight/obesity. In the whole sample a connection between percentage fat content and fat mass and standardized body mass index and waist circumference was noticed. The connection was stronger in the reference group, than among children with diabetes. Correlation between percentage content of adipose tissue with the fraction HLD-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and values of blood pressure were observed in the whole sample. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our research the confirm correlation between anthropometric parameters and the data collected from bioelectrical impedance. Those connections are, however, stronger in the group of children without diabetes than with diabetes, which questions the usefulness of this method in evaluation of adipose tissue among children treated with insulin.

[Fabry disease]. / Choroba Fabry'ego.

Fabry disease is a rare genetic disorder, which is linked to a defect of alfa-galactosidase. In consequence it leads to an excess of glicosphyngolipids in lysosomes of various tissues and organs. Clinical symptoms are related to heart, skin, kidneys and nervous system. Nowadays due to a possibility of substitution of galactosidase A, a influence on clinical course of the disease can be attained: arresting of progression and avoidance of complications.

Cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

BACKGROUND: The heart is often involved by primary (AL) and familial transthyretin-related (ATTR) amyloidosis. Endomyocardial biopsy is a valuable diagnostic method, useful in detection and recognition of the type of amyloid. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the type of amyloid deposits found in endomyocardial biopsies, using histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. The correlations between morphological and clinical parameters were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: During 1999-2004, endomyocardial biopsy was performed in 41 patients hospitalized in our institution due to heart failure of unknown etiology. Amyloid deposits were revealed in 3 patients, in 2 of them the intraoperative specimens were also taken. The deposits were located in myocardial interstitium as well as in the wall of small vessels. One patient showed deposits in the atrial and pericardial walls. Electron microscopy study revealed amyloid fibers adhering to the basement membranes of the myocardial cells and small vessels. Immunohistochemical staining determined two types of amyloid. A woman aged 42 showed transthyretin-related amyloidosis, most probably hereditary. A woman aged 69 exhibited the light chains amyloidosis (AL-lambda). In contrast, diagnosis was not certain (most probably ATTR) in a 35 year old woman. Essential involvement of the pericardium was observed in two younger patients. They underwent pericardiotomy. The survival time (from diagnosis to death) was one year in the patient with amyloidosis ATTR, 17 days in the patient with the AL type, and 2 years in the patient with amyloidosis of undetermined type. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with poor prognosis. Better recognition of this disease may allow the early diagnosis and institution of modern therapy.

[Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in a 72 year old man--a case report]. / Wrodzone skorygowane przelozenie pni tetniczych u 72-letniego mezczyzny.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease characterised by atrioventricular as well as ventriculoarterial discordance. The life expectancy of individuals with CCTGA is limited by the onset of the systemic ventricular failure. There have been only a few patients with CCTGA and age >50 years reported in literature. We describe a 72-year-old man with CCTGA who was admitted to the hospital because of severe congestive heart failure. Our patient s survival is one of the longest ever described.

Allele frequencies for 10 STR loci in a population from central Poland.

Allele frequencies of 10 STR loci included in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus Kit (PE Applied Biosystem) was obtained a simple of 222 unrelated individuals residing in Warsaw (Poland) region.