ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to present a method to improve bone quality through stimulation of osteoporotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength, which results in an increased incidence of bone fractures. These fractures often lead to additional disability and mortality. Osteoporotic MSCs have reduced osteogenic differentiation when cultured in their standard differentiation media. LLLT has a biostimulatory effect on fibroblasts and osteoblasts. MSCs have the ability to generate cells of connective tissue lineages, which includes the bones. Recently, transplantation of in vitro cultured bone marrow (BM) MSCs into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone has resulted in improved bone structure. METHODS: Comprehensive research was performed using PubMed, and biostimulatory effect of LLLT on bony cells and MSCs were studied. RESULTS: LLLT can stimulate growth, proliferation, and differentiation of SCs in vitro and in vivo. This ability of LLLT is an essential prerequisite for performing experiments related to disease control in humans. Thus, laser-treated osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs may represent a promising therapeutic method to protect the bones in patients with OP and prevent fractures in these patients. Therefore, researchers hypothesize that transplantation of in vitro laser-treated autologous cultured osteoporotic BMMSCs that have the appropriate osteogenic phenotype into sites at risk for development of osteoporotic bone may result in improved bone structure. In this respect, investigators have successfully used LLLT to restore autologous osteoporotic MSCs in vitro. Subsequently, these cells have been differentiated into osteoblast cell lines with the use of laser treatment after which they were transplanted into osteoporotic animal models. CONCLUSIONS: This technique might improve bone quality and structure. However, additional research must be undertaken to understand the underlying mechanisms of this treatment, validate its effectiveness, and assess the feasibility for clinical application of LLLT to treat MSCs in regeneration of osteoporotic bone.
Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/radiation effects , Osteogenesis/radiation effects , Osteoporosis/radiotherapy , Cell Differentiation/radiation effects , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Cells, Cultured/radiation effects , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Humans , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Osteoblasts/radiation effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pulsed wave (PW) lasers exhibit biostimulatory effects on fractures in healthy and diabetic animals. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effects of photobiomodulation on bone strength and Hounsfield unit (HU) for repair of a bone defect in an experimental rat model of type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) and osteoporosis (OP). METHODS: We divided 30 female rats into six groups of n = 5 per group: (1) ovariectomy (OVX) control, (2) OVX + PW laser and no TIDM, (3) OVX control + TIDM, (4) OVX + TIDM + PW laser, (5) OVX + TIDM + alendronate, and (6) OVX + TIDM + PW laser + alendronate. TIDM was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ). A partial osteotomy was made in the right tibia of each rat. We used an infrared laser (890 nm, 80 Hz, 1.5 J/cm2) 3 times per week. At 30 days after surgery, the callus areas within the rats' tibias were submitted to computed tomography scanning followed by the three-point bending test. RESULTS: The PW laser + alendronate group had significantly increased HU and biomechanical properties of repairing bone defect in STZ + OVX rats compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Combined treatment of PW laser and alendronate significantly enhanced bone repair in an experimental model rat of TIDM and OP.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Osteoporosis/radiotherapy , Stress, Mechanical , Alendronate/pharmacology , Animals , Biomechanical Phenomena , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Osteoporosis/physiopathology , Osteotomy/methods , Ovariectomy/methods , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Tibia/surgery , Wound Healing/radiation effectsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of heliumneon (HeNe) and infrared (IR) lasers on the viability and proliferation rate of healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (OVX) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in vitro. MSCs harvested from the BM of healthy and OVX rats were culture expanded. HeNe and IR lasers were applied three times at energy densities of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4??J/cm2 for BMMSCs. BMMSCs viability and proliferation rate were evaluated by MTT assay on days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 21. The results showed that healthy BMMSCs responded optimally to 0.6??J/cm2 using an IR laser after three times of laser radiation. Moreover, it was found that OVX-BMMSCs responded optimally to 0.6??J/cm2 with HeNe laser and one-time laser radiation. It is concluded that the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) effect depends on the physiological state of the BMMSCs, type of the laser, wavelength, and number of laser sessions. The biostimulation efficiency of LLLT also depends on the delivered energy density. LLLT can enhance the viability and proliferation rate of healthy and especially osteoporotic autologous BMMSCs, which could be very useful in regenerative medicine.
